Impacts of weather on public transport ridership: Results from mining data from different sources

The existing studies concerning the influence of weather on public transport have mainly focused on the impacts of average weather conditions on the aggregate ridership of public transit. Not much research has examined these impacts at disaggregate levels. This study aims to fill this gap by accounting for intra-day variations in weather as well as public transport ridership and investigating the effect of weather on the travel behavior of individual public transit users. We have collected smart card data for public transit and meteorological records from Shenzhen, China for the entire month of September 2014. The data allow us to establish association between the system-wide public transit ridership and weather condition on not only daily, but also hourly basis and for each metro station. In addition, with the detailed trip records of individual card holders, the travel pattern by public transit are constructed for card holders and this pattern is linked to the weather conditions he/she has experienced. Multivariate modeling approach is applied to analyze the influence of weather on public transit ridership and the travel behavior of regular transit users. Results show that some weather elements have more influence than others on public transportation. Metro stations located in urban areas are more vulnerable to outdoor weather in regard to ridership. Regular transit users are found to be rather resilient to changes in weather conditions. Findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between everyday weather and public transit travels and also provide valuable information for short-term scheduling in transit management.     

新型停放制动机械缓解装置设计研究

分析了目前城市轨道交通车辆停放制动械缓解装置的技术背景,以及存在的问题和安全隐患。详细介绍了新型停放制动机械缓解装置的组成、结构设计和功能原理。模型车试验验证和真车型式试验验证表明,其性能满足用户提出的在车上、车下均能操作机械缓解停放制动的需求。同时,新型停放制动机械缓解装置的操作受到车辆监控系统的监控,更加安全可靠。该新型停放制动机械缓解装置已经批量应用在出口美国波士顿的地铁车辆上。新型停放制动机械缓解装置的设计思想给我国城市轨道交通车辆设计和铁路动车组车辆设计提供了方向。     

关于海事行政指导的几点思考

文中梳理了海事行政指导的概念和特征，分析了推行海事行政指导的重要意义，提出了推行海事行政指导的几点措施建议.     

The residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan

By using household-level micro data captured through the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure for 2004, this study evaluates the residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan. It analyzes the number of cars owned by a household, using various attributes including expenditure for renting a parking space on a monthly basis. The estimation results derived from the IV-ordered probit model show that the absolute value of parking rent price elasticity of car ownership is, at most, 0.48, which is fairly small (i.e., inelastic). The elasticity value varies depending on city size; for megacities, elasticity is always negative for car ownership, whereas for middle-sized or small cities, towns, and villages, elasticity is positive for one-car ownership and negative for the ownership of more than one car. Hence, when the price of parking increases, some people may switch from more than one car to one car and some people in megacities may switch from one to zero cars. Indeed, the net effect of a price increase may be that non-car ownership increases in megacities and one-car ownership increases in other cities.     

Reliable route guidance: A case study from Chicago

Reliable route guidance can be obtained by solving the reliable a priori shortest path problem, which finds paths that maximize the probability of arriving on time. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the benefits and applicability of such route guidance using a case study. An adaptive discretization scheme is first proposed to improve the efficiency in computing convolution, a time-consuming step used in the reliable routing algorithm to obtain path travel time distributions. Methods to construct link travel time distributions from real data in the case study are then discussed. Particularly, the travel time distributions on arterial streets are estimated from linear regression models calibrated from expressway data. Numerical experiments demonstrate that optimal paths are substantially affected by the reliability requirement in rush hours, and that reliable route guidance could generate up to 5-15% of travel time savings. The study also verifies that existing algorithms can solve large-scale problems within a reasonable amount of time.     

“十二五”时期湖北高等职业教育发展的若干构想

"十二五"时期湖北实现"弯道超越"的发展构想,创新高等职业教育发展方式成为实现发展目标的重要支撑。本文从湖北经济社会发展的宏观政策导向出发,对湖北高等职业教育的发展方式转型、发展战略调整进行了系统分析,提出了示范校引领的重点方向,对政府如何加强指导协调、带动全省高职教育发展提出了若干建议。     

出租汽车行业需要政府的监管、指导和服务

本文结合出租汽车行业的性质和发展历史，探讨了政府在其中的管理体系，并提出政府的主要作用是建立公平的竞争环境，规范竞争秩序，从宏观上对该行业进行指导和提供必要的服务。     

高速公路信息发布设施的特性分析

信息发布设施为高速公路的安全、高速和畅通提供基本保障,科学、合理的布设和使用信息发布设施,能够充分发挥其交通诱导的作用,提高道路的服务水平,获得更大的社会效益。本文介绍了高速公路各种信息发布设施,并对其建立指标体系。由指标入手,对各种信息发布设施进行分类和比较,找出各种信息发布设施的优缺点和适用条件,为发布设施的使用提供参考。     

大学生择业观新探

大学生就业难是新形势下面临的普遍问题,其中一个重要的因素是就业观念存在问题,为此,我们必须教育大学生树立“先就业后择业”、“勇于面对竞争”、“自主创业、终生学习”、“到基层、农村去”、“发挥专业所长、注重综合素质”等新的择业观,教育学生在校期间,注重专业知识的学习,更多的去参与社会活动,注重个人能力的培养,树立良好正确的就业、择业观念,职业发展一定是光明的。     

Gender differences in travel behaviour and willingness to adopt sustainable behaviour

This paper presents pioneering research on gender differences in travel behaviour in southeastern Europe. The study analyses the socio-economic and main travel characteristics (particularly parking) of men and women. Additionally, it examines the influence of parking demand management measures on their behaviour, in terms of the willingness of men and women to reduce car use and to adopt more sustainable behaviour. The results reveal significant differences between genders in most of the characteristics examined. Moreover, it is shown that women are less car dependent and more sensitive to parking pricing and, therefore, more willing to replace a car journey with public transport. These findings suggest that gender should be an essential parameter when user behaviour is examined and modelled. Furthermore, the results indicate that gender differences must be considered when transport policy is created to affect the behaviour of men and women equally. The achievement of social equality is one of the primary objectives of sustainable development.