东莞市中心城区近期停车建设管理策略研究

通过总结东莞市中心城区现状静态变通问题调查和原因分析，提出了统筹规划布局、制订配建标准、采用科学收费管理体制、加强变通管理力度、优化停车信息发布、促进社会媒体宣传的近期停车建设管理发展总体策略，并阐述了各项相关措施。     

动态管理模式下路侧停车泊位占有率预测方法

城市停车已逐步实现信息化和动态化管理，本文对动态管理模式下大范围路侧泊位占有率预测方法进行研究.在收集美国旧金山492万条停车交易数据的基础上，利用可同时提取数据空间关联和时序趋势特征的卷积长短时记忆神经网络(Convolutional LSTM Network，ConvLSTM)，分别构建考虑停车费率和时限动态变化的有政策模型，和没有动态管理信息输入的无政策模型.结果显示，有政策模型的训练效率和预测精度会显著提升.在政策平稳阶段，两种模型均能够有效预测泊位占有率；在政策发生变化时段，无政策模型的预测误差出现激增，但有政策模型的预测误差依然保持平稳，表明本文提出的方法能够很好地应对动态管理模式下停车需求的变化.     

System dynamics of urban traffic based on its parking-related-states

The urban parking and the urban traffic systems are essential components of the overall urban transportation structure. The short-term interactions between these two systems can be highly significant and influential to their individual performance. The urban parking system, for example, can affect the searching-for-parking traffic, influencing not only overall travel speeds in the network (traffic performance), but also total driven distance (environmental conditions). In turn, the traffic performance can also affect the time drivers spend searching for parking, and ultimately, parking usage. In this study, we propose a methodology to model macroscopically such interactions and evaluate their effects on urban congestion.The model is built on a matrix describing how, over time, vehicles in an urban area transition from one parking-related state to another. With this model it is possible to estimate, based on the traffic and parking demand as well as the parking supply, the amount of vehicles searching for parking, the amount of vehicles driving on the network but not searching for parking, and the amount of vehicles parked at any given time. More importantly, it is also possible to estimate the total (or average) time spent and distance driven within each of these states. Based on that, the model can be used to design and evaluate different parking policies, to improve (or optimize) the performance of both systems.A simple numerical example is provided to show possible applications of this type. Parking policies such as increasing parking supply or shortening the maximum parking duration allowed (i.e., time controls) are tested, and their effects on traffic are estimated. The preliminary results show that time control policies can alleviate the parking-caused traffic issues without the need for providing additional parking facilities. Results also show that parking policies that intend to reduce traffic delay may, at the same time, increase the driven distance and cause negative externalities. Hence, caution must be exercised and multiple traffic metrics should be evaluated before selecting these policies.Overall, this paper shows how the system dynamics of urban traffic, based on its parking-related-states, can be used to efficiently evaluate the urban traffic and parking systems macroscopically. The proposed model can be used to estimate both, how parking availability can affect traffic performance (e.g., average time searching for parking, number of cars searching for parking); and how different traffic conditions (e.g., travel speed, density in the system) can affect drivers ability to find parking. Moreover, the proposed model can be used to study multiple strategies or scenarios for traffic operations and control, transportation planning, land use planning, or parking management and operations.     

An integrated Bayesian approach for passenger flow assignment in metro networks

This paper proposes an integrated Bayesian statistical inference framework to characterize passenger flow assignment model in a complex metro network. In doing so, we combine network cost attribute estimation and passenger route choice modeling using Bayesian inference. We build the posterior density by taking the likelihood of observing passenger travel times provided by smart card data and our prior knowledge about the studied metro network. Given the high-dimensional nature of parameters in this framework, we apply the variable-at-a-time Metropolis sampling algorithm to estimate the mean and Bayesian confidence interval for each parameter in turn. As a numerical example, this integrated approach is applied on the metro network in Singapore. Our result shows that link travel time exhibits a considerable coefficient of variation about 0.17, suggesting that travel time reliability is of high importance to metro operation. The estimation of route choice parameters conforms with previous survey-based studies, showing that the disutility of transfer time is about twice of that of in-vehicle travel time in Singapore metro system.     

Bicycle parking: a systematic review of scientific literature on parking behaviour,parking preferences,and their influence on cycling and travel behaviour

ABSTRACT

Cycling is experiencing a revival in many cities. Research has focused on the determinants of cycling – in particular the role of the built environment and road infrastructure. Bicycle parking has received little attention – even though bicycles are parked most of the time. This article reviews the scientific literature on bicycle parking and identifies existing gaps in research and knowledge. The review analyses 94 peer-reviewed papers identified through a search in Scopus and Web of Science, in December 2017. The annual number of papers increased 15-fold between 1995 and 2017. Overall, the level of evidence on the importance of bicycle parking is limited. The majority of studies are based on cross-sectional data with the presence of parking as a binary independent variable. Most studies focus on bicycle parking at public transport stops and at work places. Few studies report on bicycle parking throughout cities, and hardly any on parking at residential locations. Bicycle parking supply and quality appears to be a determinant of cycling for current and potential cyclists. Our findings can serve as input for an evidence-based debate on the role of bicycle parking. For practitioners, our research supports investment in bicycle parking, but acknowledges that a proper evaluation of such initiatives needs to be conducted to increase the level of evidence.     

Designing flexible transport services: guidelines for choosing the vehicle type

Abstract

This paper offers a new approach to identify realistic acceptable levels of subsidy for flexible transport services (FTSs) and then proposes guidance on selection of the most appropriate vehicle types which should be offered in the design of FTS for different environments. The guidance is evidence based and has been derived from detailed analysis of the economic performance of seven FTS pilot applications plus a further five feasibility studies implemented as part of the EU FLIPPER (Flexible Transport Services and ICT platform for Eco-Mobility in urban and rural European areas) project. A major conclusion from the analysis is that the product of the demand multiplied by the average trip distance provides a very strong indicator as to the type of vehicle which should be used. It is hoped this guidance will provide a valuable aid in designing the most suitable and cost-effective FTS solutions in both urban and rural environments.     

基于中观仿真的城市快速路速度诱导控制模型研究

利用中观交通流模型对城市快速路瞬时交通量进行预测,并在此基础上对车辆进行速度诱导控制,建立了以车辆总行程时间为目标函数的诱导优化模型,并利用C++实现了该模型.最后以上海南北高架南段西线为例建立了仿真场景,进行模型的参数标定与校验.通过统计分析与物理特性分析:速度诱导控制后,速度方差与均方差均有显著下降,说明速度诱导控制后,降低了路段上交通流的整体速度差异,提高了交通安全性.     

高职院校就业指导师资队伍建设现状分析及对策研究一以浙江省为例

摘要本文对新形势下加强高职院校就业指导教师队伍建设的必要性展开论述,结合省内高职院校就业指导师资队伍建设的调研情况,从学生就业指导专业化的角度提出构建新型高职院校学生就业指导教师队伍建设的对策,即明晰就业指导队伍建设的目标、加强专业培训工作和建立相应的奖励政策机制等。     

电子停车位管理装置的设计

摘要本文介绍了一套自动化程度高并可对停车位实行远程管理的机械装置。它可做到无人值守,通过刷卡停车取车,自动取费,同时管理者可通过网络及时了解停车位相关情况。它以自主开发的软件为管理平台,采用了机电一体化、网络传输、射频识别及传感器等先进技术。     

智慧公交为疫情防控时期的公共出行保驾护航

本文以新冠肺炎疫情防控为例,将国内疫情及其防控分为疫情突发时期,遏制疫情流行时期,防疫精准化、动态化、常态化时期三个阶段,并通过回顾性研究方法评述重大突发公共卫生事件影响下城市地面公共交通的信息化防控策略,分析公交防疫措施在智慧感知层、交换共享层、应用服务层存在的不足,提出了基于多元融合感知技术、加速自动驾驶场景应用、创新数据共享融通机制,持续深入推广大数据示范应用以及优化定制公交线路,丰富突发公共事件下交通行业应急策略体系的建议。