当代大学生特殊群体的职业指导探索

文章在界定大学生特殊群体内涵和类型的基础上,探讨其特征及形成原因,针对性提出加强大学生特殊群体职业指导的若干途径。这不仅关系到学生个人成长成才,而且对高校校园文化建设、提高学校声誉和整体就业率都具有重要作用,同时还关系到和谐社会的维稳和发展。     

Empirical evidence on cruising for parking

The literature on car cruising is dominated by theory. We examine cruising for parking using a nation-wide random sample of car trips. We exclude employer-provided and residential parking. We focus on the Netherlands, where levels of on-street and off-street parking prices are locally the same. We demonstrate then that due to this price setting the average cruising time in the Netherlands is only 36 s per car trip. Furthermore, we show that cruising is not random. It is more common in (large) cities that receive more car trips, particularly for shopping and leisure activities. Cruising time increases with travel duration as well as with parking duration. Cruising has a distinctive pattern over the day with a peak in the morning, so the order of arrival is essential to parking. Because cruising has a spatial and time component, policies may be considered that reduce cruising time through flexible pricing of parking or improved information about vacant parking spaces.     

最短路径Auction算法及其在路径诱导中的应用

通过采用C#语言程序，对比传统路径算法，并在实际道路网络和随机网络中进行了试验，测试了算法在求解网络“一对一”最短路径问题时的运算性能．结果表明，Auction算法在求解此类问题时，体现算法自身原理的优势，虽然整体性能表现不及经典的路径算法，即迭代步骤略多，但仍有改进的余地．     

Models of bus boarding and alighting dynamics

Understanding the dynamics of boarding/alighting activities and its impact on bus dwell times is crucial to improving bus service levels. However, research is limited as conventional data collection methods are both time and labour intensive. In this paper, we present the first use of smart card data to study passenger boarding/alighting behaviour and its impact on bus dwell time. Given the nature of these data, we focus on passenger activity time and do not account for the time necessary to open and close doors. We study single decker, double decker and articulated buses and identify the specific effects of floor/entrance type, number of activities and occupancy on both boarding and alighting dynamics. A linear relationship between average boarding and alighting times and their respective standard deviations is also found, whereas the variability of boarding and alighting time decreases with the number of passengers boarding and alighting. After observing the cumulative boarding/alighting processes under different occupancy conditions, we propose a new model to estimate passenger activity time, by introducing critical occupancy – a parameter incorporating the friction between boarding/alighting and on-board passengers. We conduct regression analyses with the proposed and another popular model for simultaneous boarding/alighting processes, finding that the critical occupancy plays a significant role in determining the regime of boarding and alighting processes and the overall activity time. Our results provide potential implications for practice and policy, such as identifying optimal vehicle type for a particular route and modelling transit service reliability.     

停车需求预测与管理

停车需求预测与管理是城市静态交通研究的重点和难点.利用建立的基于G-Logit的 停车需求预测模型,计算并分析了广州市停车需求状况.在此基础上,提出了广州市停车需求 管理的根本任务、原则和阶段性策略.上述研究成果和研究思路,可为其他城市开展停车需求 预测和管理提供借鉴.     

考虑禁行路线路网的最优路径求解

为了解决含有禁行路线路网中的最优路径求解问题．研究了含有装行路线路网的特点．建立了数学模型。通过路网转化法把含有禁行路线的路网转化为不含禁行路线的路网．降低了最优路径求解的难度。采用邻接结点关系矩阵和邻接结点权矩阵表达路网中结点和路段的拓扑关系，减少了路网的存储空间。用动态邻接结点关系矩阵和邻接结点权矩阵对经典的Dijkstra算法进行了改进，节省了计算机存储空间、提高了计算效率．并给出了基本算法。将所研究的路网转化方法和改进的Dijkstra算法应用于所研发的车辆诱导系统软件，并进行了实际测试。测试结果表明．府用该方法能够在含有禁行路线的路网中求解最优路径．且运算效率较高。     

西安市路边停车位问题与改善分析

近年来,我国部分城市汽车保有量超百万。目前,在已经形成的城市布局下,我国的停车基础设施供应难以满足停车需要,路边停车成为一种缓解路外停车位供应不足的有效方式。但路外停车带来好处的同时也引入了新的交通问题。文章主要通过实地调研具有代表性的西安市兴善寺东街路边停车位,并基于发现的问题,对西安市路边停车位做改善分析,提出改善建议。     

Meeting mobility and air quality goals: Strategies that work

Recent federal legislation sets tough air quality goals for the nation but offers scant guidance to urban areas responsible for meeting those goals. Traditionally, transportation-related air quality policy emphasized cleaner vehicle and fuels technologies and alternatives to single-occupant vehicle travel such as car-pooling and mass transit. Analysis suggests, however, that meeting air quality goals will require the addition of policies to manage the growing demand for transportation. The introduction of market forces into transportation supply and demand decisions would support traditional transportation and air quality strategies, and produce additional mobility, air quality, and economic benefits. Recent transportation legislation offers states and localities the flexibility to meet mobility and air quality goals in an innovative, nontraditional manner. Drawing on theoretical analysis and recent empirical evidence we offer a package of measures for the consideration of state, and federal policy-makers.The authors are with the Office of Policy Analysis of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The views expressed here belong solely to the authors. This paper does not represent the view of the US EPA or the policy of the United States Government. This paper was significantly improved by extensive comments from Bruce Schillo, and by suggestions from Michael Shelby, John Chamberlin (all of the EPA Office of Policy Analysis), Robin Miles-McLean (EPA Office of Mobile Sources), Allen Basala (EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards), and numerous other colleagues. The authors are responsible for all errors and interpretations.     

Parking taxes: Effectiveness,legality and implementation,some general considerations

This paper evaluates the pros and cons of implementing parking pricing to reduce auto use and traffic through parking taxes. Taxes on parkers and the providers are evaluated in terms of effectiveness in influencing auto use, operations of the tax, and the legality as well as acceptability of the options. The intent is to help local governments evaluate parking tax approaches.Abbreviation TDM Transportation Demand Management