城市中心区拥挤收费系统评价方法

本文介绍了拥挤收费系统的概念,提出了拥挤收费系统的综合评价指标及评价方法.最后设计了中心区拥挤收费方案,对中心区拥挤收费方案进行了评价.     

交通拥挤收费原理与对策研究

交通拥挤收费（Oongestion Pricing）作为现代化城市交通需求管理（TDM）的有效措施之一，虽然在实践中颇多微词，但是其在减少交通吸引、控制交通流量、提高车速与路段通行能力、提高能源利用效率及提高路网的运行效率等方面效果显著，并且在缓解交通拥堵压力的同时带来了财政副收入。从经济学原理出发，利用边际成本定价理论、收入再分配理论以及公共产品和产权经济学理论分析了交通拥挤收费的本质、理论依据，最后提出交通拥挤收费的相关建议和措施。     

冷拌冷铺技术(cape结构)在阜新市村通油路中的应用

阐述了冷拌冷铺技术在阜新市村通油路中的应用,结果表明,该项技术具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

谈谈艺术.自然.社会

艺术是同自然和社会紧密联系的。本文从艺术鉴赏角度出发,指出绘画艺术是一种形象思维与抽象思维相结合的社会的精神劳动产品,一种重要的社会现象。艺术对社会的批评方式恰恰是它的存在本身,是我们时代的投影和文化的隐喻和象征,能够永远表现着这个世界。艺术对于促进人类社会的历史发展具有一定的重要意义。     

The kinematic wave model with finite decelerations: A social force car-following model approximation

This paper derives a five-parameter social force car-following model that converges to the kinematic wave model with triangular fundamental diagram. Analytical solutions for vehicle trajectories are found for the lead-vehicle problem, which exhibit clockwise and counter-clockwise hysteresis depending on the model’s parameters and the lead vehicle trajectory. When coupled with a stochastic vehicle dynamics module, the model is able to reproduce periods and amplitudes of stop-and-go waves, as reported in the field. The model’s stability conditions are analysed and its trajectories are compared to real data.     

Can carsharing meet the mobility needs for the low-income neighborhoods? Lessons from carsharing usage patterns in New York City

For decades, carsharing has become an attentive dialogue among transportation planners and civic groups who have long supported and business owners and government officials who see carsharing as a means to realize their interests i.e., another market for revenue generation and replacement of government own vehicles with carshare units. It has particularly drawn attention in New York City (NYC). As of today, NYC is the largest carsharing market in the United States, accounting for about one third of all North American carsharing members. In addition to market-driven forces, the City government has pronounced pro-carsharing policies. Yet carsharing is still considered as an exclusive program to middle-income, white, and young populations. The purpose of this study is to see if carsharing can help meet the mobility demand for urban residents, especially in the marginalized neighborhoods. By investigating a leading carsharing program – Zipcar’s vehicle utilization pattern in NYC, I attempt to disentangle how neighborhoods with different socio-demographics are associated with carsharing usage. The study result revealed that there is high demand for midsize (standard) vehicles on weekdays and weeknights. In addition, carsharing usage was highly correlated with the number of total vehicles, not the number of Zipcar parking lots, if the cars are accessible within walking distances. More importantly, carsharing in low-income neighborhoods did not differ from the typical carsharing locations. What matters is the affordability. Hence, there is no reason not to consider new services or expanding existing service boundaries to the outer boroughs in the future.     

Joint leisure travel optimization with user-generated data via perceived utility maximization

The lack of personalized solutions for managing the demand of joint leisure trips in cities in real time hinders the optimization of transportation system operations. Joint leisure activities can account for up to 60% of trips in cities and unlike fixed trips (i.e., trips to work where the arrival time and the trip destination are predefined), leisure activities offer more optimization flexibility since the activity destination and the arrival times of individuals can vary.To address this problem, a perceived utility model derived from non-traditional data such as smartphones/social media for representing users’ willingness to travel a certain distance for participating in leisure activities at different times of day is presented. Then, a stochastic annealing search method for addressing the exponential complexity optimization problem is introduced. The stochastic annealing method suggests the preferred location of a joint leisure activity and the arrival times of individuals based on the users’ preferences derived from the perceived utility model. Test-case implementations of the approach used 14-month social media data from London and showcased an increase of up to 3 times at individuals’ satisfaction while the computational complexity is reduced to almost linear time serving the real-time implementation requirements.     

社会保障制度改革需要公共政策创新

社会保障制度具有维护社会公平和增进国民福利的本质,福州、东莞、常州等地成功的经验表明,社会保障制度改革需要公共政策创新。     

借鉴"企业公民"理念,强化公交企业社会责任

企业是重要的“城市公民”,除了对利益相关者的责任,对所在社区和整个城市负有重要的社会责任,特别是公交、供水等社会公益性公用企业,其社会责任更为突出。在建设和谐社会的过程中。城市公共交通企业有必要借鉴“企业公民”理念,通过日常商业实践、运作和政策相整合的方式有效服务社会,承担起在城市建设、管理和文化建设中的社会责任。     

Workshop 3A: Governance,contracting, ownership and competition issues in public transport: Looking up not down

Workshop 3A focussed on matters of institutional design that seem likely to improve public transport outcomes. It started by defining high level outcome goals, as measures of ultimate public transport success, and then identified the major societal issues that public transport systems can help to resolve. These issues were separately defined for Southern African and western settings. The importance of taking an integrated approach to transport, particularly land use/transport integration, was seen as fundamental to goal achievement. Workshop papers provided many and varied examples of this importance, ranging from PPPs for major public transport projects to system design issues and contracting out of services. The Workshop included detailed discussion on paratransit development in Southern Africa, where relationship management is proving to be critical, in-line with much previous Thredbo discussion about the important role of trusting partnerships. Parallels and contrasts were drawn with paratransit in western settings. Competition in passenger rail was also a focus, with some questioning of the benefits of franchising. Discussion concluded by proposing recommendations for policy and research and suggesting agenda items for future Thredbo Conferences.