Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

This paper examines the time-use patterns of adults in dual-earner households with and without children as a function of several individual and household socio-demographics and employment characteristics. A disaggregate activity purpose classification including both in-home and out-of-home activity pursuits is used because of the travel demand relevance of out-of-home pursuits, as well as to examine both mobility-related and general time-use related social exclusion and time poverty issues. The study uses the Nested Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model, which recognizes that time-decisions entail the choice of participating in one or more activity purposes along with the amount of time to invest in each chosen activity purpose, and allows generic correlation structures to account for common unobserved factors that might impact the choice of multiple alternatives. The 2010 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data is used for the empirical analysis. A major finding of the study is that the presence of a child in dual-earner households not only leads to a reduction in in-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care activities) but also a substantially larger decrease in out-of-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care and shopping activities), suggesting a higher level of mobility-related social exclusion relative to overall time-use social exclusion. To summarize, the results in the paper underscore the importance of considering household structure in activity-based travel demand models, as well as re-designing work policies in the United States to facilitate a reduction in work-family conflict in dual-earner families.     

浅议SUPERPAVE技术对我国《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》修订的影响

SUPERPAVE技术的开发与利用，对提高我国高速公路沥青路面的质量．减少水损害、车辙等病害取得了一定的效果，并对我国《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》的修订产生了一定的影响，它的体系源于美国，有其特定的环境因素和交通因素影响，我们不可能完全照搬过来，但是可以将其中先进的研究成果、观点及思路进行消化吸收．从而丰富我国的技术规范。为我国的公路建设事业服务。     

ƽ���źŽ������ת������΢�۷���ģ�͵��о�

混合交通是我国城市交通的主要特征，特别是在平面信号交叉口。同相位不同方向行驶的机动车和自行车之间产生大量的干扰，严重影响了交叉口的通行能力，增加了安全隐患，给交通管理带来了难以治理的问题。微观行为模型是研究机非混合交通的有效工具，本文基于三相位信号控制交叉口处的机非混合交通问题，分析了影响机动车右转弯通过交叉口的主要因素，建立了右转机动车在信号交叉口内穿越直行自行车的微观行为模型和自由行驶模型，并利用实测数据对模型参数进行了标定，验证了模型的有效性。该模型揭示了信号交叉口处的机非干扰机理，为进一步研究混合交通条件下机动车的微观行为模型提供了一种方便、高效的仿真分析手段。     

高速公路护栏和隔离栅的施工与质量控制

较系统地讨论了波形梁钢护栏和隔离栅的施工与质量控制及验收的技术和方法。     

�����е�·�źŽ�������г������˵���Ϊ�о�

对北京市信号交叉口的自行车和行人在混合交通流中的微观行为进行研究分析。研究中使用视频采集技术和数据分析技术来收集和分析自行车和行人在交叉口的行为。论文的主要研究结果是信号交叉口字自行车和行人的各种微观行为特征和基础行为模型， 这些结果有助于理解信号交叉口混合交通流的行为，并为城市混合交通流的微观交通模拟模型提供基础数据和理论依据。     

浅析泡沫沥青冷再生技术

文章结合324国道百色一平班公路大修工程实例,介绍了泡沫沥青冷再生技术的原理、设计方法和施工工艺,并通过和传统大修方案的比较,分析了泡沫沥青冷再生技术在社会经济效益方面的优越性。     

城市无信号控制T型交叉口通行能力计算方法

以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响,对城市无信号控制T型交叉口的交通流运行优先等级进行重新划分,共划分为5 级.将主路直行车流和横穿支路的当量人群流作为独立优先流,应用间隙接受理论,研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力计算方法.考虑高等级次级交通流及横穿主路的当量人群流的影响,采用概率论方法研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力修正系数,从而得到各次级交通流的实际通行能力计算模型,进而得到整个无信号控制T型交叉口的通行能力计算方法.结果表明,以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响计算过程简单,符合我国城市道路交叉口非机动车和行人多的实际情况.     

Analysis of the economic and social parameters of the Three-Wheeler Taxi service in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry.     

大型工程项目低标价高造价的形成机理分析

在工程项目建设过程中,低标价中标而最终导致高造价的现象有其内在的必然性。中标机会大小影响报价变动。低价中标预示业主取得了“超额利益”,导致建设期间业主与承包商存在利益上的先对抗、后妥协的“对抗-妥协”关系。承包商进场后,业主风险损失系数变大而趋向于“妥协”,以利项目按时完工。“对抗-妥协”关系存在动态平衡点,但双方在争夺利益的过程中均付出了代价,资源被无形消耗。动态平衡点的计算也存在陷阱,用错也使造价大幅提升。本文运用数学模型分析了其中的机理,并提出了防范和改变这种局面的建议,可应用于大型工程项目管理。