谈谈艺术.自然.社会

艺术是同自然和社会紧密联系的。本文从艺术鉴赏角度出发,指出绘画艺术是一种形象思维与抽象思维相结合的社会的精神劳动产品,一种重要的社会现象。艺术对社会的批评方式恰恰是它的存在本身,是我们时代的投影和文化的隐喻和象征,能够永远表现着这个世界。艺术对于促进人类社会的历史发展具有一定的重要意义。     

京派文学与中国现代都市文化空间

京派文人作为现代意义的知识分子,他们凭借都市文化空间建立了网络化的公共交往活动,从而形成了富有生机和活力的文学流派。本文从他们的公共活动空间、大众媒介和权力意识等角度论述了其与中国现代都市文化的紧密联系,展示了他们独有的精神魅力。     

高职《现代公司管理》课程教学方法探究

《现代公司管理》课程的教学方法改革要紧紧围绕人才培养目标来进行。改革课程教学方法应以重点培养学生自主学习的能力、踏实的实践能力、创造性的工作能力为核心，使培养的人才适应经济社会发展的需要。文章分析了目前《现代公司管理》课程教学中存在的问题，并提出多种《现代公司管理》课程教学方法，重点介绍了采用顺向迁移建构方法、案例教学法的加深、情景模拟教学方法、结合大学生创业进行教学和社会实践教学等方法，以期达到培养人才的目的。     

The Effects of Boating Safety Regulations

This article investigates the effects of boater education programs and an increase in the number of water patrol officers on the prevention of recreational boating accidents. The empirical study, which estimates a reduced-form model similar to those used in the automobile safety literature, analyzes data on boating accidents that occurred in 1994 from 49 states and the District of Columbia. Model simulations, based on empirical estimates from Poisson and negative binomial models, suggest that a uniform law-enforcement policy of one-and-a-half water patrol officers per 1,000 boaters would prevent between 2,229 (negative binomial) and 2,318 (Poisson) accidents in 44 states.     

Achieving environmental sustainability beyond technological improvements: Potential role of high-speed rail in the United States of America

In order to reduce energy use and cut emissions that contribute to climate change, countries need to radically reinvent their fossil-fuel intensive transportation systems. As a major consumer of energy and contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the U.S. transportation sector faces extraordinary challenges in the twenty-first century. Transportation in the U.S. depends heavily on fossil-fuel dependent cars and planes to the near exclusion of more energy-efficient electric trains. In order to address this concern, some policy makers refer to “technological optimism” which seeks no systemic change but instead focuses on employing technology to reduce the energy demand and environmental impact of the status quo. On the other hand, some researchers suggest a systematic paradigm shift away from cars and planes to intermodal systems that improve the sustainability of the system as a whole. High-speed rail (HSR) is arguably such an investment that can further this shift and help to achieve a more diversified and balanced transportation system. In this respect, by largely examining the role of the U.S. cars and planes “culture” in the economy, this paper elaborates on how building a HSR system may help U.S. advance towards environmental sustainability in transportation, make a break from the status quo, and create a more balanced, multimodal transportation system that will improve the quality and efficiency of travel.     

Quantifying drivers’ acceptance of renewable fuel standard: Results from a choice experiment in South Korea

The production and use of renewable fuels in the transport sector are rapidly increasing. Renewable fuel standard (RFS) is a strong regulatory component and quantitative policy expected to have a significant market impact. In Korea, RFS implementation was agreed upon in July 2013 and will be enforced beginning in July 2015. Drivers’ acceptance is the most important consideration for RFS introduction and sustainable implementation. This study analyzed Korean customer preferences for RFS and quantified their acceptance level according to policy design. A choice experiment was analyzed with a mixed logit model to reflect the heterogeneity of respondents’ preferences. Respondents were relatively sensitive to the price increase, while other attributes had little effect on acceptance of RFS. Differences between the influences of attributes on drivers’ acceptance should be considered when designing RFS implementation. Furthermore, it is recommended that the price of transportation fuels should be limited to an increase between KRW 10 and 20/liter (USD 8.879 × 10⁻³ and 1.776 × 10⁻²/liter) to ensure high acceptance level, secure a budget for infrastructure, and achieve substantial environmental improvement.     

Evaluating choice of traction option for a sustainable Indian Railways

The transport sector is a major contributor of carbon emissions in India. As railways are the most environment-friendly mode of transport we look at the spearheading role of Indian Railway (IR) in bringing about the modal shift from road and airways to rail with a holistic perspective considering India’s development stage and resource situation. India being an emerging economy, faces many other social and developmental challenges, which have to be incorporated in assessing the viability of the solutions. In order to assess the total impact of the transportation sector a ‘wells to wheels’ approach needs to be adopted to quantify the emissions from the production to distribution and final usages alongside its impact to the competing societal goals utilizing the same resources. This study focuses on evaluating IR’s critical policy decision towards providing efficient transport i.e. the choice of traction. It is inferred that until such time the fuel mix of power production in India remains the same, i.e. coal dominated and there is a shortage of electricity in the country, the accumulated carbon footprints of running electric locos will be higher. There should be a judicious mix of both the tractions to achieve a balance in environmental efficacy, sustainability and equity.     

Workshop 3A: Governance,contracting, ownership and competition issues in public transport: Looking up not down

Workshop 3A focussed on matters of institutional design that seem likely to improve public transport outcomes. It started by defining high level outcome goals, as measures of ultimate public transport success, and then identified the major societal issues that public transport systems can help to resolve. These issues were separately defined for Southern African and western settings. The importance of taking an integrated approach to transport, particularly land use/transport integration, was seen as fundamental to goal achievement. Workshop papers provided many and varied examples of this importance, ranging from PPPs for major public transport projects to system design issues and contracting out of services. The Workshop included detailed discussion on paratransit development in Southern Africa, where relationship management is proving to be critical, in-line with much previous Thredbo discussion about the important role of trusting partnerships. Parallels and contrasts were drawn with paratransit in western settings. Competition in passenger rail was also a focus, with some questioning of the benefits of franchising. Discussion concluded by proposing recommendations for policy and research and suggesting agenda items for future Thredbo Conferences.     

Workshop 6: The public agenda: What is working and what is missing

Workshop 6 topics covered social inclusion, the informal transport sector, transport in developing countries and sustainability. The strong connections and complimentary goals were noted, where solutions to social exclusion and greenhouse gas reduction can both be realised with good transport and urban planning. There is an opportunity for developing countries to avoid the transport mistakes in many developed countries, such as car dependence. This will involve the development of infrastructure that offers accessible public transport to the majority of people, providing resources to the informal transport system and integrating this with public transport. The workshop considered specific issues such as rural transport, new technology, car tolls to subsidise public transport, safety issues with informal transport and the failure to evaluate the longer-term impacts of many major transport infrastructure developments. Recommendations were made in relation to research and policy and future Thredbo topics.     

海底介质模型及其声能透入机理研究

海底建模是海洋声探测及海洋混响研究的重要课题.文章用Biot多孔介质、粘弹性介质和液态介质三种海底模型对声波在海底的反射和透射进行了理论计算分析,具体讨论了纵波、快纵波、剪切波以及慢纵波对声透射的贡献,并对三种海底模型中纵波、剪切波的反射、透射进行了比较,得到对声学问题海底建模有实际意义的结果.