Social networks,social influence and activity-travel behaviour: a review of models and empirical evidence

ABSTRACT

The study of social networks in activity-travel research has recently gained momentum because social activities and social influence were relatively poorly explained in activity-based models of travel demand. Over the last decade, many scholars have shown interest in identifying personal social networks that constitute an important source of explanation of activity-travel behaviour. This paper seeks to review two research streams: social networks and activity-travel behaviour, and social influence and travel decisions. We classify models, summarise empirical findings and discuss important issues that require further research.     

试论老舍小说对社会意识的关注

文章通过对老舍小说文本的研究,发现老舍先生通过比较或陈述的方法在自己的作品中或多或少地表现了他对社会意识的关注。老舍的小说所关注的社会意识主要体现在全社会整一的＂官本位＂思想、愚民教育下的＂顺民＂意识、国民精神和国民人格等方面。     

燃气动力鱼雷管水下发射原理试验分析

首先介绍以燃气发生器为水下鱼雷管发射动力源的假海模型弹发射原理试验,然后对模型弹内测系统记录数据等结果进行综合分析,最后给出对有关进一步研究工作的启示和建议.     

对农民工社会保障问题的思考

由于城乡分割的"二元社会"以及与之对应的"二元就业结构"的存在,致使农民工长期游离在城乡之间,被排除在应有的社会保障体系之外。将农民工纳入社会保障体系刻不容缓。文章试图结合众家之长,提出一个相对系统化,具有可操作性的建立农民工社会保障制度的对策建议。     

新媒体技术下的汽车营销模式研究

随着我国科学技术的快速发展,越来越多的行业向信息化、科技化迈进.其中新媒体技术就是应用极其广泛的内容之一,因此本文针对新媒体技术对汽车营销模式的影响内容进行分析,以及相关的新媒体汽车营销方式进行阐述.     

沥青路面防冻抗滑技术研究

沥青路面因降水或冬季雨雪结冰变得湿滑,会严重威胁车辆行驶的动力性及安全性。研究提高路面冬季防冻及抗滑性能的关键技术势在必行。采用以SMA沥青混合料作路面磨耗层、发热管加热系统融雪化冰、温控介质调控温度的研究思路和技术途径,有望制备出能够自动加热融雪除冰,防冻抗滑功能兼备的沥青路面。     

Effects of income inequality on evacuation,reentry and segregation after disasters

Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.     

城市公共交通发展热点议题分析

城市公共交通事业发展过程中需要广泛征求社会公众的意见,分析网络社交媒体中的信息相较于传统的信息收集手段具有高效快速、成本低廉等优势。文中提出一套完整的网络文本分析方法,采用结巴分词、TF-IDF模型以及SnowNLP等工具及算法分析识别网民对于天津公交系统的讨论热点及情感倾向,结果显示,公众对于天津市常规公交系统的讨论主要集中于老年人免费乘车政策、驾驶员驾驶行为以及公交运营计划的执行情况等方面。此外,公众对于天津市常规公交的情感倾向呈现为积极情感与消极情感各占50%左右。     

众包物流与社交应用的互联实现分析

本文对社交应用与众包平台的"二合一"新型服务展开分析,多角度满足客户与商家共同需求,为个人及社会提供更大的便利与收益。该商业模式充分利用了社会上的闲散资源,把原来由企业聘用的配送员提供的最后三公里以内的物流服务,以自愿有偿的方式,通过互联网外包给非特定群体。高效互联的众包平台是对社会上目前的闲散资源集中管理与分配的全新方式,给予企业、兼职员工及客户之间沟通的桥梁,企业、兼职员工与客户自身之间可实现相互联系来满足各方需求,三者之间可在众包平台上自由沟通,提供工作任务并领取完成。     

Why early adopters engage in interpersonal diffusion of technological innovations: An empirical study on electric bicycles and electric scooters

Early adopters promoting electric vehicles in their social network may speed up market uptake of this technology. Apart from their opinion leader status, few previous research details the motivations which turn early adopters into advocates for innovation who approach the non-adopters among their family and friends, or casual acquaintances.Drawing on a survey among 1398 e-bike and 133 e-scooter early adopters in Austria, personal drivers of engagement in interpersonal diffusion are investigated. Longitudinal data one year later for 157 e-bike users allows tests of causal relations. A complementary sample of 33 network peers illustrates the early adopters’ social impact.Early adopters engage actively in discussing product features, instigating trial behavior and recommending purchase. Analyses by structural equation modeling show that efforts at interpersonal diffusion are driven by opinion leadership, experienced product performance, and perceived normative expectations of others toward pro-environmental technologies. Mediator and moderator analyses underline that opinion leadership is conveyed upon early adopters because personal norms and technophilia qualify them as credible and competent for the specific topic of e-vehicles. Social norm interrelations point to dynamic interactions and discourse between early adopters and their addressees. Evidence from the peer sample suggests though that the persuasive impact of early adopters is small.To accelerate market entry of electric vehicles, public or private agencies should foremost approach early adopters scoring high in the identified drivers, and empower them in their role as multiplicators by providing pre-prepared product information and encouraging them to continuously address peers.