试论老舍小说对社会意识的关注

文章通过对老舍小说文本的研究,发现老舍先生通过比较或陈述的方法在自己的作品中或多或少地表现了他对社会意识的关注。老舍的小说所关注的社会意识主要体现在全社会整一的＂官本位＂思想、愚民教育下的＂顺民＂意识、国民精神和国民人格等方面。     

对农民工社会保障问题的思考

由于城乡分割的"二元社会"以及与之对应的"二元就业结构"的存在,致使农民工长期游离在城乡之间,被排除在应有的社会保障体系之外。将农民工纳入社会保障体系刻不容缓。文章试图结合众家之长,提出一个相对系统化,具有可操作性的建立农民工社会保障制度的对策建议。     

浅谈智能驾驶对转向系统的发展影响

随着汽车及零部件行业的飞速发展,助力转向系统技术也得到了飞速发展和更新换代,从最初的机械助力转向,到液压助力转向,再到电动助力转向系统.尤其是随着当前汽车行业智能驾驶和车联网的发展,电动助力转向系统的高级功能开发和技术进一步提速,通过冗余设计从而来支持整车自动驾驶技术.     

Effects of income inequality on evacuation,reentry and segregation after disasters

Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.     

局干北环OTN混缆组网的探讨

通过对济南局集团公司北环OTN系统组网的现状进行分析,具体论证了G.653+G.652混缆组网应用技术,阐述了优化方案的可实施性,进而实现系统组网开通.以期建立满足铁路需求的通信系统网络。     

众包物流与社交应用的互联实现分析

本文对社交应用与众包平台的"二合一"新型服务展开分析,多角度满足客户与商家共同需求,为个人及社会提供更大的便利与收益。该商业模式充分利用了社会上的闲散资源,把原来由企业聘用的配送员提供的最后三公里以内的物流服务,以自愿有偿的方式,通过互联网外包给非特定群体。高效互联的众包平台是对社会上目前的闲散资源集中管理与分配的全新方式,给予企业、兼职员工及客户之间沟通的桥梁,企业、兼职员工与客户自身之间可实现相互联系来满足各方需求,三者之间可在众包平台上自由沟通,提供工作任务并领取完成。     

Why early adopters engage in interpersonal diffusion of technological innovations: An empirical study on electric bicycles and electric scooters

Early adopters promoting electric vehicles in their social network may speed up market uptake of this technology. Apart from their opinion leader status, few previous research details the motivations which turn early adopters into advocates for innovation who approach the non-adopters among their family and friends, or casual acquaintances.Drawing on a survey among 1398 e-bike and 133 e-scooter early adopters in Austria, personal drivers of engagement in interpersonal diffusion are investigated. Longitudinal data one year later for 157 e-bike users allows tests of causal relations. A complementary sample of 33 network peers illustrates the early adopters’ social impact.Early adopters engage actively in discussing product features, instigating trial behavior and recommending purchase. Analyses by structural equation modeling show that efforts at interpersonal diffusion are driven by opinion leadership, experienced product performance, and perceived normative expectations of others toward pro-environmental technologies. Mediator and moderator analyses underline that opinion leadership is conveyed upon early adopters because personal norms and technophilia qualify them as credible and competent for the specific topic of e-vehicles. Social norm interrelations point to dynamic interactions and discourse between early adopters and their addressees. Evidence from the peer sample suggests though that the persuasive impact of early adopters is small.To accelerate market entry of electric vehicles, public or private agencies should foremost approach early adopters scoring high in the identified drivers, and empower them in their role as multiplicators by providing pre-prepared product information and encouraging them to continuously address peers.     

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditional street layouts. A simulation tool that enables urban designers to visualise pedestrians and cars trajectories, extract flow and density relation in a new shared space design, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help getting the design closer to the system optimal. This paper presents a three-layered microscopic mathematical model which is capable of representing the behaviour of pedestrians and vehicles in shared space layouts and it is implemented in a traffic simulation tool. The top layer calculates route maps based on static obstacles in the environment. It plans the shortest path towards agents’ respective destinations by generating one or more intermediate targets. In the second layer, the Social Force Model (SFM) is modified and extended for mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. Since car movements are not as flexible as pedestrian movements, velocity angle constraints are included for cars. The conflicts described in the third layer are resolved by rule-based constraints for shared space users. An optimisation algorithm is applied to determine the interaction parameters of the force-based model for shared space users using empirical data. This new three-layer microscopic model can be used to simulate shared space environments and assess, for example, new street designs.     

Airline competition and market frequency: A comparison of the s-curve and schedule delay models

We compare two common ways of incorporating service frequency into models of airline competition. One is based on the so called s-curve, in which, all else equal, market shares are determined by frequency shares. The other is based on schedule delay—the time difference between when travelers wish to travel and when flights are available. We develop competition models that differ only with regard to which of the above approaches is used to capture the effect of frequency. The demand side of both models is an approximation of a nested logit model which yields endogenous travel demand by including not traveling in the choice set. We find symmetric competitive equilibrium for both models analytically, and compare their predictions concerning market frequency with empirical evidence. In contrast to the s-curve model, the schedule delay model depicts a more plausible relationship between market share and frequency share and accurately predicts observed patterns of supply side behavior. Moreover, the predictions from both models are largely the same if we employ numerical versions of the model that capture real-world aspects of competition. We also find that, for either model, the relationship between airline frequency and market traffic is the same whether frequency is determined by competitive equilibrium, social optimality, or social optimality with a break-even constraint.     

高职《管理学基础》课程教学方法探究

《管理学基础》课程的教学方法改革要紧紧围绕人才培养目标来进行。改革课程教学方法应以重点培养学生自主学习的能力、踏实的实践能力、创造性的工作能力为核心,使培养的人才适应经济社会发展的需要。文章分析了目前《管理学基础》课程教学中存在的问题,并提出多种《管理学基础》课程教学方法,重点介绍了案例教学法、情景模拟教学方法、社会实践教学等方法,以期达到培养人才的目的。