Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

An empirical investigation into the time-use and activity patterns of dual-earner couples with and without young children

This paper examines the time-use patterns of adults in dual-earner households with and without children as a function of several individual and household socio-demographics and employment characteristics. A disaggregate activity purpose classification including both in-home and out-of-home activity pursuits is used because of the travel demand relevance of out-of-home pursuits, as well as to examine both mobility-related and general time-use related social exclusion and time poverty issues. The study uses the Nested Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model, which recognizes that time-decisions entail the choice of participating in one or more activity purposes along with the amount of time to invest in each chosen activity purpose, and allows generic correlation structures to account for common unobserved factors that might impact the choice of multiple alternatives. The 2010 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data is used for the empirical analysis. A major finding of the study is that the presence of a child in dual-earner households not only leads to a reduction in in-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care activities) but also a substantially larger decrease in out-of-home non-work activity participation (excluding child care and shopping activities), suggesting a higher level of mobility-related social exclusion relative to overall time-use social exclusion. To summarize, the results in the paper underscore the importance of considering household structure in activity-based travel demand models, as well as re-designing work policies in the United States to facilitate a reduction in work-family conflict in dual-earner families.     

GSM-R现网组网方案与建设对比研究

作为承载列控安全信息的通道,GSM-R网络需具备极高的可靠性和安全性,其无线系统组网方案是GSM-R系统规划的重中之重。通过对GSM-R目前常见的两种同址双站和单网交织组网进行对比,从组网复杂度、可靠性、频率规划及网优、网络建设成本等几个方面对GSM-R无线组网进行分析和比较,采用可靠性数学建模方法对两种方案进行数学分析。可靠性对比结果表明系统冗余越多,可靠性越高,但是在实际工程实施时要从多方面综合考虑,并对未来大规模GSM-R改造项目的建设提出相关建议。     

PTN技术及其在铁路通信中的应用

通过对PTN技术制式、技术特点以及与现网结合的建网模式研究,指出在铁路业务逐步向AllIP化发展的过程中,如何应用PTN技术组建下一代的铁路传送网。     

浅析泡沫沥青冷再生技术

文章结合324国道百色一平班公路大修工程实例,介绍了泡沫沥青冷再生技术的原理、设计方法和施工工艺,并通过和传统大修方案的比较,分析了泡沫沥青冷再生技术在社会经济效益方面的优越性。     

Analysis of the economic and social parameters of the Three-Wheeler Taxi service in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry.     

提高传输以太网汇聚业务安全系数探讨

在日常维护过程中,唐包线红外线、牵引、电力等传输以太网汇聚业务主用或备用通道出现过几次全部中断的故障,用户侧没有相应的排查、定位及恢复手段,需通过传输网和数据网定位故障点,对维护人员业务水平要求高,网管操作复杂,排查时间长,影响范围大,危及铁路行车业务正常应用,存在较大安全隐患.通过优化传输以太网汇聚业务组网结构,可防...     

黄海DD6181S32大型BRT铰接客车的网络化应用

介绍黄海DD6181S32客车网络结构、总线的通信关系。通过原理图详细介绍网络系统中各电器的控制逻辑关系。     

丰田＂召回事件＂对汽车零部件企业的警示

丰田“召回事件”向国内汽车零部件企业敲响了警钟。国内汽车零部件企业应当从丰田“召回事件”中吸取教训。要做大应先做强,打牢做大的基础;要正确处理好速度与质量的关系,任何时候都必须坚持“质量就是生命”的信念和追求;为消费者和社会提供优质的产品,既是企业应尽的义务,也是企业应该担负的社会责任,更是企业可持续发展,在市场竞争中“永葆青春”的法宝;在“走出去”的过程中,要加强“风险防范”,千万不能低估了跨国经营的法规制度的风险防范。     

高职院校面向新农村建设开展社会服务的探讨

开展返乡农民工职业技能培训是历史赋予高职院校的使命和机遇,也是高职院校最鲜明的办学特色和开展社会服务的重要途径。