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691.
T.F. Laughlin 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(3):185-200
In the face of rapidly escalating costs of aircraft fuel, since the early 1970s, the aerospace industry has embarked on a program of measures to reduce fuel consumption. This article describes an integrated set of measures which have been undertaken by Lockheed‐California to improve the fuel requirements of the Tristar, a wide‐bodied three engine medium to long range aircraft. Measures include operational changes, improvements to maintenance practices, long term hardware modifications and technological advances. 相似文献
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Nebiyou Tilahun David Levinson 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(4):323-331
This research explores to what extent people’s work locations are similar to that of those who live around them. Using the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data set and the 2000 decennial census, we investigate the home and work locations of different census block residents in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul) metropolitan area. Our aim is to investigate if people who share a residence neighborhood also share work locations to a degree beyond what would be explained by distanhe observed patterns is the role neighborhood level and work place social networks play in locating jobs and residences respectively. 相似文献
694.
Jeremy Hackney Fabrice Marchal 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(4):296-309
Choice set formation, location and mode preferences, coordinated scheduling, alternative utility valuations, and shared mobility resources are among the many activity-travel issues hypothesized to be significantly influenced by traveler interdependencies. Empirical evidence lags theory, particularly about the geography of social networks. A simulation tool is presented to let the experimenter construct and test hypothetical interdependencies between geography, socially-linked travelers, and activity-travel choices. The exploratory tool is integrated in the Multi-Agent Transportation Simulation Toolbox (MatSim-T). Initially, any social network can be constructed and embedded in geography. It can remain static, or be adapted to the travel patterns of the agents. The interactions and exchanges between agents influencing socializing and/or travel behavior can be defined in substance and in time/space. The reward for socializing or being socially linked can be varied. Finally, the co-dependence of social factors and travel behavior can be studied. This paper introduces the model and presents verification results which illustrate the coupling of extremely simplified socializing assumptions and travel behavior. 相似文献
695.
The effect of social comparisons on commute well-being 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maya Abou-Zeid Moshe Ben-Akiva 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(4):345-361
We study the effect of social comparisons on travel happiness and behavior. Social comparisons arise from exchanges of information among individuals. We postulate that the social gap resulting from comparisons is a determinant of “comparative happiness” (i.e. happiness arising from comparisons), which in turn affects subsequent behavior. We develop a modeling framework based on the Hybrid Choice Model that captures the indirect effect of social comparisons on travel choices through its effect on comparative happiness.We present an empirical analysis of one component of this framework. Specifically, we study how perceived differences between experienced commute attributes and those communicated by others affect comparative happiness and consequently overall commute satisfaction. We find that greater comparative happiness arising from favorable comparisons of one’s commute to that of others (e.g. shorter commute time than others, same mode as others for car commuters, and different mode than others for non-motorized commuters) increases overall commute satisfaction or utility.The empirical model develops only the link between social comparisons and happiness in the comparisons-happiness-behavior chain. It is anticipated that the theoretical framework that considers the entire chain will enhance the behavioral realism of “black box” models that do not account for happiness in the link between comparisons and behavior. 相似文献
696.
Kenneth F.D. Hughey Geoffrey N. Kerr Ross Cullen 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2011,16(8):575-578
Based on a public survey of registered voters, we explore four options for internalising the social and environmental costs of road transport. The options were presented together with generalised factual information about their benefits and costs. Respondents are highly supportive of fuel use efficiency standards and exhaust gas quality standards, with lesser support for proposed initiatives of road user charges and speed reduction. Demographic analysis of responses enables identification of those who might favour or oppose particular options. In this case women are identified as being strongly supportive of the speed reduction option. 相似文献
697.
在无线传感器网中,现有的节能路由以找到能量消耗最小的路径为目标,导致围绕汇聚节点的能量空洞.网络能量均衡可以有效的利用和管理整个网络的节点能量,通过有效的分配网络负载,实现网络寿命的延长,网络效率的提高.本论文中提出了基于势能场的模型,建立了基于势能的路由,并且通过相位切换技术,达到局部和全局的能量均衡,从而延长无线传感器网络的使用寿命. 相似文献
698.
微循环交通组织是区域交通优化组织的重要方法.首先,在分析高负荷路网交通特征的基础上,归纳了微循环交通组织的常见问题及相应的改善措施;然后,结合中关村西区微循环交通组织实例,从OD划分、有效车流路径规划及信息诱导原则和方法三个方面,构建了有效路径下的微循环交通组织仿真模型及仿真流程;最后,利用VISSIM软件仿真,比较了... 相似文献
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