柴油机碳烟排放的数值模拟及试验研究

考虑碳烟粒子生成速率同时受控于涡团破碎速率和化学反应速率,提出一种输运控制率与碳烟氧化率混合控制模型进行碳烟计算,并用此模型对一台直喷式柴油机燃烧与排放生成过程进行了多维数值模拟。结果表明,计算模拟结果与试验测量结果吻合较好,且使用该模型能够预测柴油机研究样机的碳烟生成与氧化历程。     

船用增压柴油机不同负荷下燃烧排放性能研究

为了研究柴油机在不同运行工况下偏心燃烧室缸内燃烧及排放情况,采用三维流体数值分析软件AVL FIRE建立某型柴油机燃烧及排放的计算模型。通过对不同负荷下柴油机燃烧及排放的模拟,计算该型柴油机缸内压力、温度等参数随曲轴转角的变化及燃烧温度、燃空当量比、NO和Soot的分布情况。研究表明：随着负荷的增加,在高负荷下易出现燃油撞壁现象;NO生成量随着负荷的增大而增加,在负荷增大到一定值时反而减小;NO生成主要分布于燃烧室偏心侧,高工况时NO大量生成在燃烧室边缘;Soot主要集中在油束与缸盖之间的缝隙位置。     

Evaluation of low-temperature diesel combustion regimes with n-Heptane fuel in a constant-volume chamber

The concept of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) has been advancing rapidly because it may reduce emissions of NOx and soot simultaneously. Various LTC regimes that yield specific emissions have been investigated by a great number of experiments. To accelerate the evaluation of the spray combustion characteristics of LTC, to identify the soot formation threshold in LTC, and to implement the LTC concept in real diesel engines, LTC is modeled and simulated. However, since the physics of LTC is rather complex, it has been a challenge to precisely compute LTC regimes by applying the available diesel combustion models and considering all spatial and temporal characteristics as well as local properties of LTC. In this paper, LTC regimes in a constant-volume chamber with n-Heptane fuel were simulated using the ECFM3Z model implemented in a commercial STAR-CD code. The simulations were performed for different ambient gas O₂ concentrations, ambient gas temperatures and injection pressures. The simulation results showed very good agreement with available experimental data, including similar trends in autoignition and flame evolution. In the selected range of ambient temperatures and O₂ concentrations, soot and NOx emissions were simultaneously reduced.     

Pressure drop and heat transfer of catalyzed diesel particulate filters due to changes in soot loading and flow rate

When soot particles are loaded in a diesel particulate filter, it causes increase in back pressure of the exhaust system. To minimize this pressure drop due to DPF, the filter needs to be regenerated after a certain amount of soot has been accumulated. It is crucial to estimate the correct amount of soot that has been accumulated by measuring the differential pressure. It is also important to understand changes in pressure drop due to flow rate variations of the exhaust gas, since the pressure drop would be influenced by the exhaust flow rate as well as the amount of soot. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) are another major issue, as the filter is occasionally exposed to high temperature gas. This study presents the characteristics of pressure drop according to the variation of soot loading and the mass flow rate in CDPF. In addition, heat transfer characteristics in the filter was investigated when a high temperature gas flows into the CDPF. Tests were performed in several CDPF samples having varying amounts of catalyst coating. Experimental results indicate that rig-based experiments are useful in understanding the characteristics of pressure drop in the CDPF. In the cake filtration region, a pressure drop has a proportional relationship according to soot loading and mass flow rate. It was found that an increased catalyst coating may lead to enhanced convective heat transfer.