温度梯度模式对一座变截面连续箱梁桥主应力的影响分析

箱形截面整体性好,结构刚度大,能承受正负弯矩,且抗扭能力强,是一种经济合理的截面形式,近年来得到广泛应用,但建成后通过一定时间的运营,发现箱梁简支端附近腹板开裂较严重,结合一座预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁桥实例,采用空间有限元分析仿真计算,结果表明温度梯度模式对箱梁腹板的主拉应力影响较大。     

对《中华人民共和国反垄断法(草案)》的若干意见

2006年6月由国务院提请全国人大常委会审议的《中华人民共和国反垄断法（草案）》总体上基本可行，但需要进一步完善。本文从十个方面对其进行了评析。     

溢出效应与集群企业创新时间的选择

为考察溢出效应对产业集群企业创新时间的影响，将溢出效应系数引入创新时间和投入之间的线性函数以及创新成功时间的概率函数中，建立了集群企业创新期望净收益函数．将该收益函数对创新时间和溢出效应系数变量求出二阶偏导数以建立最优创新时间和溢出效应系数之间的一阶导数关系．对一阶导数符号的分析显示，当竞争企业数量较大时，无论创新类型、资金成本、研发风险参数如何变化，最优创新时间都随技术溢出效应的增强而缩短．     

出口企业国际竞争力的外部影响因素研究

出口企业国际竞争力受多种因素的影响,在众多的影响因素当中,技术贸易壁垒是影响我国出口企业国际竞争力的最重要的外部因素。技术贸易壁垒既对出口企业具有抑制贸易的负效应,又可能会在短期内使出口企业的数量有一定程度的减少。对于技术贸易壁垒的这种影响,我国应该采取推行“标准经济”的对策。     

港口双寡头竞争的进入／遏制策略分析

不同的港口竞争策略的使用在时序上有先后的,基于对港口各种竞争策略运用时序的假定,通过构建一个双寡头竞争的进入／遏制模型,对港口竞争过程中的进入／遏制策略进行了研究。     

Population dynamics of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean): Short spatio-temporal differences and influence of environmental factors

The red shrimp Aristeus antennatus is one of the target species of the bottom trawl fishery of the Balearic Islands. The objective of the present paper is to study the short spatial and temporal differences of this important economic resource between two different locations off Mallorca (Cabrera: CA; Sóller: SO), where a fleet mobility pattern has been detected, and to study the influence of environmental conditions on this species. Six simultaneous bottom-trawl and oceanographic surveys were carried out at these two locations in order to collect data from the demersal species, hydrography (temperature and salinity), trophic resources and sediment characteristics. The commercial fleet from both locations was monitored by monthly on-board sampling, log-books and daily landings obtained from sales slips. Additional data was obtained from other fishing surveys. Short spatial and temporal differences have been detected between both locations. The population at CA was more demographically homogeneous, while that at SO showed important variations, like high abundance of juveniles recruiting to fishing grounds in autumn–winter and high abundance of large females during summer. Several differences have also been found in the biology of the species between locations, such as males were more abundant in SO than in CA. Also, the reproductive period started sooner in SO than in CA, and the condition of pre-spawning females was better in SO. The percentage of total lipids in the hepatopancreas was minimal during the spawning period, showing their importance as a reserve of energy for the ovary ripening. Water masses could play an important role in these differences, the characteristics of water masses being more stable in CA than in SO. Red shrimp adult females seemed to be more correlated with the warmer and more saline Levantine Intermediate Waters, while juveniles (males and females) and adult males were more correlated with the colder Western Mediterranean Deep Waters, detected only in SO during autumn–winter. Two different hypothesis of mobility patterns for the species are discussed in relation to these observed differences.     

Spatio-temporal variations in deep-sea demersal communities off the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)

The spatial and temporal variations of deep-sea megafaunal assemblages from the western Mediterranean are analysed in the present paper. The assemblages from two locations of the Balearic Islands situated 120 km apart were compared using data collected seasonally on a bathymetric stratum covering the 150–750 m depth range during six bottom-trawl surveys. The assemblage structure, in terms of species composition, species dominance and population sizes, was differentially affected by the spatio-temporal variables analysed (depth, location and fishing period). Although depth was the main factor determining the assemblage composition, the differences obtained between the two locations were also relevant. On the upper slope these between-location differences in the dynamics of megafaunal assemblages were found to be related to the effect of fishing exploitation. Population size-based metrics and biomass spectra were good predictors of meso-scale fishing effects, and were mainly reflected by elasmobranchs and demersal teleosts. Nevertheless, the effects of fishing depended on the species considered. Two dominant large-sized fish species found on the upper slope in both localities, Galeus melastomus and Phycis blennoides, had higher biomass values associated with lower fishing effort. Although the mean body weight (MBW) of both species and also the mean maximum body weight (MMBW) of G. melastomus agreed with this pattern, the P. blennoides MMBW did not. This last case could be indicative of natural size-trends such as the bigger–deeper phenomenon which refers to the displacement of large individuals towards the deeper limit of their bathymetric distribution, beyond the maximum depth sampled in this study for this species. By contrast, the target species of the upper slope fishery, the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus, was not negatively affected by the direct impact of fishing activity and other environmental factors, such as the presence of specific water masses could also be important.     

Habitat characteristics as determinant of the structure and spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (Cantabrian Sea, N. Spain)

The purpose of this paper is to detect and describe general trends in the spatial distribution of epibenthic and demersal communities of Le Danois Bank (El Cachucho) in relation to the environmental variables that characterize their habitat by means of multivariate ordination. Data were derived from two multidisciplinary surveys carried out in October 2003 and April 2004 included in the ECOMARG project. The surveys were focused on the study of the physical scenario, including both geological (seabed characterization from bathymetry and backscatter data) and hydrographic features, and the different compartments of the benthic fauna (endobenthic, epibenthic, suprabenthic and demersal communities). For the present study, epibenthos and demersal species were sampled using two different gears, a 3.5 m beam trawl and a Porcupine 39/52 type baca otter trawl respectively. The total species richness combining both samplers ascended to 221, including 71 species of fishes, 65 crustaceans, 35 molluscs, 29 echinoderms, 10 cnidarians and 5 sponges.Multivariate methods were used for the study of the characteristics of communities and habitats. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to calculate and visualize similarities between samples in terms of species composition. To assess the amount of variation of faunal densities related to a set of eight environmental variables, a redundancy analysis (RDA) was used. The set of environmental variables used were: depth, near-bottom temperature and salinity, sedimentary typology (dry weight percentages of coarse sands, medium and fine sands, silt and organic matter) and seafloor reflectivity. Using the spatial distribution of the ranges of depth and seafloor reflectivity that characterize the habitats of the faunal assemblages we defined the spatial distribution of the different communities.The multivariate analysis of 18 beam-trawl samples and 15 otter trawl samples showed the existence of 4 main assemblages associated with the more characteristic habitats of the area. The Callogorgia–Chimaera community live mainly in the areas at the top of the Bank (425–550 m depth), where the sediment coverage is lower and there exists a high presence of rocky outcrops. The Gryphus–Galeus community were found in the areas at the top of the Bank covered by medium and fine sand sediments with low organic matter content. The Phormosoma–Trachyrincus community live on the sedimentary terraces that characterize the Bank break (550–800 m) and the Pheronema–Deania community occupy all the deeper (800–1050 m) sedimentary grounds of the inner basin.     

打破"诸侯经济"创双赢

上海建设国际航运中心,确定了洋山深水港的建设项目,由此带来了上海港和宁波港激烈的货源之争,而更大的竞争压力来自釜山等东北亚大型港口。面对这样的形势,上海、宁波两港应积极合作,一致对外,争取早日把上海港建成国际航运中心,同时使宁波港得到迅速发展。当“错位发展”的合作形式遇到困难时,以资本为纽带的“港口联盟”可能会是一种好的合作形式。     

试论中国建筑企业如何成功走向国际市场

中国建筑企业作为我国“走出去”战略的主力军,取得了令人瞩目的成就。文章阐述了在当前世界经济形势下,中国建筑业要站稳脚跟,扩大国际建筑工程市场,应注意安全、质量、资源配置和风险防范等几个重要环节,转变经营方式,找到“走出去”战略新的增长点。