铁路招标采购机制功用初探

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善 ,铁路采购市场上的招投标机制也应运而生。文章介绍了铁路采购市场的现状 ,招标投标竞争机制的优越性 ,最后提出了推行招标采购机制的几点建议。     

溢出效应与集群企业创新时间的选择

为考察溢出效应对产业集群企业创新时间的影响，将溢出效应系数引入创新时间和投入之间的线性函数以及创新成功时间的概率函数中，建立了集群企业创新期望净收益函数．将该收益函数对创新时间和溢出效应系数变量求出二阶偏导数以建立最优创新时间和溢出效应系数之间的一阶导数关系．对一阶导数符号的分析显示，当竞争企业数量较大时，无论创新类型、资金成本、研发风险参数如何变化，最优创新时间都随技术溢出效应的增强而缩短．     

对《中华人民共和国反垄断法(草案)》的若干意见

2006年6月由国务院提请全国人大常委会审议的《中华人民共和国反垄断法（草案）》总体上基本可行，但需要进一步完善。本文从十个方面对其进行了评析。     

On accommodating spatial dependence in bicycle and pedestrian injury counts by severity level

This paper proposes a new spatial multivariate count model to jointly analyze the traffic crash-related counts of pedestrians and bicyclists by injury severity. The modeling framework is applied to predict injury counts at a Census tract level, based on crash data from Manhattan, New York. The results highlight the need to use a multivariate modeling system for the analysis of injury counts by road-user type and injury severity level, while also accommodating spatial dependence effects in injury counts.     

影响港口集团间竞合关系的因素分析

港口集团竞合关系是影响港口集团建设与发展的重要环节.构建良好的港口集团竞合关系对港口城市乃至区域经济的整体发展具有十分重要的意义.本文基于波特钻石模型,分析竞争导向型要素和合作导向型要素,构建指标体系,明确影响港口集团间竞合关系的主要因素,以协调港口集团间竞合关系.     

Assessing social equity in distance based transit fares using a model of travel behavior

The goal of this study is to develop and apply a new method for assessing social equity impacts of distance-based public transit fares. Shifting to a distance-based fare structure can disproportionately favor or penalize different subgroups of a population based on variations in settlement patterns, travel needs, and most importantly, transit use. According to federal law, such disparities must be evaluated by the transit agency, but the area-based techniques identified by the Federal Transit Authority for assessing discrimination fail to account for disparities in distances travelled by transit users. This means that transit agencies currently lack guidelines for assessing the social equity impacts of replacing flat fare with distance-based fare structures. Our solution is to incorporate a joint ordinal/continuous model of trip generation and distance travelled into a GIS Decision Support System. The system enables a transit planner to visualize and compare distance travelled and transit-cost maps for different population profiles and fare structures. We apply the method to a case study in the Wasatch Front, Utah, where the Utah Transit Authority is exploring a switch to a distance-based fare structure. The analysis reveals that overall distance-based fares benefit low-income, elderly, and non-white populations. However, the effect is geographically uneven, and may be negative for members of these groups living on the urban fringe.     

Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams: A cross-comparison of estimation methods

This paper aims to cross-compare existing estimation methods for the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram. Raw data are provided by a mesoscopic simulation tool for two typical networks that mimic an urban corridor and a meshed urban center. We mainly focus on homogenous network loading in order to fairly cross-compare the different methods with the analytical reference. It appears that the only way to estimate the MFD without bias is to have the full information of vehicle trajectories over the network and to apply Edie’s definitions. Combining information from probes (mean network speed) and loop detectors (mean network flow) also provides accurate results even for low sampling rate (<10%). Loop detectors fail to provide a good estimation for mean network speed or density because they cannot capture the traffic spatial dynamics over links. This paper proposes a simple adjustment technic in order to reduce the discrepancy when only loop detectors are available.     

湖北省高等职业院校技能大赛制度设计研究

举办全省高等职业院校技能大赛是我省高等职业教育工作的一项重要制度设计，是推动我省高等职业院校深化教学改革、加强校企合作、办出品牌和特色的重要手段。本文从设计理念和定位、组织机构和职责分工、赛项和奖项设置、大赛保障和激励机制、大赛安全管理制度等方面对全省高等职业院校技能大赛制度进行了研究和设计。     

Game-theoretical models for competition analysis in a new emerging liner container shipping market

This paper develops three game-theoretical models to analyze shipping competition between two carriers in a new emerging liner container shipping market. The behavior of each carrier is characterized by an optimization model with the objective to maximize his payoff by setting optimal freight rate and shipping deployment (a combination of service frequency and ship capacity setting). The market share for each carrier is determined by the Logit-based discrete choice model. Three competitive game strategic interactions are further investigated, namely, Nash game, Stackelberg game and deterrence by taking account of the economies of scale of the ship capacity settings. Three corresponding competition models with discrete pure strategy are formulated as the variables in shipment deployment are indivisible and the pricing adjustment is step-wise in practice. A ɛ -approximate equilibrium and related numerical solution algorithm are proposed to analyze the effect of Nash equilibrium. Finally, the developed models are numerically evaluated by a case study. The case study shows that, with increasing container demand in the market, expanding ship capacity setting is preferable due to its low marginal cost. Furthermore, Stackelberg equilibrium is a prevailing strategy in most market situations since it makes players attain more benefits from the accommodating market. Moreover, the deterrence effects largely depend on the deterrence objective. An aggressive deterrence strategy may make potential monopolist suffer large benefit loss and an easing strategy has little deterrence effect.     

A GIS‐based traffic analysis zone design: implementation and evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to implement an efficient method for GIS‐based traffic analysis zone (TAZ) design in order to evaluate and validate such a method. The method was developed by the authors.

Moran's I spatial autocorrelation coefficient and sample variance are used for evaluating the generated TAZs using the Champaign‐Urbana, IL region as a case study. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to explore the fluctuations in TAZ generation outcomes. The evaluation, the validation as well as the TAZ design have been implemented with ARC/INFO GIS software on a UNIX workstation platform.