宁安铁路小角度斜交桥异形刚架空间分析研究

南京至安庆铁路新建工程需跨越321省道,线路与既有道路夹角仅为16.45°。为解决结构高度受限、斜交角度过小的问题,通过多方案比选确定采用(39.6+18.7+41.3+18.7+39.6)m的异形刚架桥,着重介绍开天窗和侧窗异形刚架的布置和设计。基于空间分析和动力特性分析总结异形刚架的受力行为和特点,对比分析空间和平面两种计算方法的差异性。计算结果表明,该结构能够满足无砟轨道桥梁的各项强度及刚度要求。     

基于改进TOPSIS模型的地铁网络节点重要性评价方法

对城市地铁网络节点重要性进行评价在城市交通体系的运营和管理中具有重要意义。TOPSIS法是一种节点重要程度多指标综合评价方法。已有的TOPSIS法在评价地铁网络节点重要程度时存在贴近度评价不合理,权重算法没有考虑网络空间特性两方面问题。针对上述不足,提出相应的改进措施:(1)结合垂面距离和灰色关联度综合评价方案与理想解的贴近度;(2)设计适用于空间网络的局部熵赋权法。最后,以北京地铁网络为例,利用改进的TOPSIS法测算了节点的重要性程度。结果表明:该方法确定的结果符合实际情况并且优于现有的TOPSIS法,说明该方法具有较高的准确性和较强的应用性。     

基于Oracle Spatial的城市公交网络出行路径选择算法

基于对象-关系模型数据库设计了公交网络空间数据表结构和求解公交出行路径选择的计算机算法,并采用Oracle Spatial组件中的空间操作存储过程、函数及操作算子实现了求解大规模公交网络出行路径选择方案的算法.在兰州市部分公交线路的实例应用中,计算机算法以毫秒时间为度量单位完成了出行方案的查询.     

城市群城际客运空间联系分布特征研究——以苏南地区为例

作者运用熵值反映系统差异程度的特点,提出客流分布熵的概念,并用以分析地区客流空间分布的均衡性;利用集中度、运输联系强度以及空间断裂点方法,分析空间运输联系的分布特征.以苏南地区为例,对分析方法和模型运用进行实证.结果表明:苏南地区城际客运空间联系具有双中心的特点,中心城市指向性较明显,且空间客流分布具有不均衡性.     

基于XML编码的地质钻孔信息管理研究与实现

针对目前钻孔信息管理中存在着的诸多问题,提出将钻孔信息进行XML编码,然后利用Oracle数据库的Spati＆l组件、XMLDB组件实现钻孔信息在Oracle数据库中的管理方法,为钻孔信息的管理指出一条新的途径,其技术路线已在济北部分煤矿的信息管理系统中得到了广泛应用。     

物流通道的空间溢出效应检验——基于中国11 条物流通道的实证

以中国11 条物流通道为实证对象,综合测算物流通道技术水平,构造基于地理距 离的空间邻接权重矩阵,检验相关变量的空间自相关性,构建空间杜宾面板数据模型验证了 中国物流通道的空间溢出效应.研究表明：中国物流通道总体上具有显著的正向空间溢出效 应,但从分布于不同空间的物流通道看,长江、沿海、京九、陇海兰新和沪昆物流通道正向空间 溢出效应显著;而京沪、京广和宝昆物流通道研究期内空间溢出效应不显著.我国物流通道的 空间溢出效应具有显著的空间差异,应因地制宜地合理化建设物流通道.     

轿车内部凸出物试验方法

为加强车内乘员保护,进一步改善和优化汽车仪表板及结构部件设计,文章通过分析汽车内部凸出物标准有关技术要求,探讨了相关试验方法,通过不同试验方法对比得出了试验设备与实际测量碰撞点空间位置重合法,能更好地模拟乘员在事故中的碰撞;该方法能更好地考核乘员在事故中受到的伤害,同时能更好地验证仪表板及其结构部件的质量。因此,建议试验机构或生产厂家应按照该方法进行汽车内部凸出物静态吸能试验。     

A tour-based model of travel mode choice

This paper presents a new tour-based mode choice model. The model is agent-based: both households and individuals are modelled within an object-oriented, microsimulation framework. The model is household-based in that inter-personal household constraints on vehicle usage are modelled, and the auto passenger mode is modelled as a joint decision between the driver and the passenger(s) to ride-share. Decisions are modelled using a random utility framework. Utility signals are used to communicate preferences among the agents and to make trade-offs among competing demands. Each person is assumed to choose the best combination of modes available to execute each tour, subject to auto availability constraints that are determined at the household level. The households allocations of resources (i.e., cars to drivers and drivers to ride-sharing passengers) are based on maximizing overall household utility, subject to current household resource levels. The model is activity-based: it is designed for integration within a household-based activity scheduling microsimulator. The model is both chain-based and trip-based. It is trip-based in that the ultimate output of the model is a chosen, feasible travel mode for each trip in the simulation. These trip modes are, however, determined through a chain-based analysis. A key organizing principle in the model is that if a car is to be used on a tour, it must be used for the entire chain, since the car must be returned home at the end of the tour. No such constraint, however, exists with respect to other modes such as walk and transit. The paper presents the full conceptual model and estimation results for an initial empirical prototype. Because of the complex nature of the model decision structure, choice probabilities are simulated from direct generation of random utilities rather than through an analytical probability expression.     

Modelling major traffic incident impacts and estimation of their associated costs

Network area-wide impacts due to major traffic incidents can be assessed using a microsimulation approach. A VISSIM microsimulation model for a motorway network has been developed and is used to quantify impacts of a major incident in terms of associated costs. The modelled results reveal that a 65% capacity reduction results in 36% more incident-induced delay when compared with the application of a 50% capacity reduction assumption for a two-hour incident clearance duration that blocked one lane of a two-lane motorway. Additionally, an incident which caused a full blockage incurred 40 times more associated impact costs when compared with a major incident which caused a one lane blockage. A 23% cost saving can be achieved by clearing one lane of a fully blocked two-hour major traffic incident after 90 minutes, while a 37% cost saving can be achieved by clearing all blockages after 90 minutes.     

整体式转向梯形的设计方法研究

为了在整体式转向梯形设计过程中考虑轮胎侧偏的影响,采用了百分比阿克曼校正率对阿克曼转角关系进行了修正。设计过程中使用了MATLAB数学工具箱以及空间运动分析的方法分析转向梯形的空间运动规律,并且考虑四轮定位参数对转角关系的影响。分析结果表明,通过考虑轮胎侧偏影响设计的转向梯形与现有车型的转向梯形参数比较接近,同时通过灵敏度分析发现,梯形参数中的梯形底角对车轮转角关系的影响很大。