软件过程改进的动态建模仿真

给出了一种软件过程改进的动态集成框架，将传统的评估模型与软件过程的动态仿真模型结合起来，为软件过程改进和决策提供定性和定量的评估，并依照能力成熟度模型获得更高的软件开发过程能力。     

京沪高速铁路(京徐段)跨线桥梁设计概述

京沪高速铁路(京徐段)多次跨越既有铁路,跨越既有线桥涵设计是京沪高速铁路桥梁设计的重要节点。通过对上跨大李联络线及预留复线、京山四线及西黄左线、两个津浦单线、津浦双线等四处跨线桥梁工点介绍,针对不同的既有线现状情况,总结出跨越既有线桥涵设计的常用结构形式为:空间刚架、悬浇连续梁、基础斜置简支梁及转体施工连续梁。     

LBS空间数据内容与管理方法

LBS空间数据的管理和数据库建立是LBS定位服务系统的核心。本文在论述了LBS系统各个部分的构成的基础上,探讨了LBS空间数据库管理的具体内容,设计了基于Oracle Spatial对象关系型数据库的LBS空间数据存储与管理的方法,设计和开发了面向对象的空间数据引擎,研究了LBS数据通过空间数据引擎上传到Oracle Spatial的技术。     

Future aspects in marine ecosystem modelling

Existing ecosystem models are briefly presented and summarised. The problem of coupling physical and biological models as well as aspects of prediction and predictability are discussed. The general perception that marine ecosystems are inherently unpredictable due to non-linearity becomes questionable if the response of climate variability in marine ecosystems is analysed. Many authors have shown correlations between climate variability and the variability of abundance or biomass of marine organisms such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos or fish recruitment in different parts of the world ocean. In the northern hemisphere, certain species show a linear response to climate variability mainly during winter and spring. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Often, a phase lag can be observed between climate variability and the reaction of organisms. The identification of a plausible mediator between climate and biology is difficult, since all possible physicochemical mechanisms having a direct or indirect influence on the variability of abundance or biomass of marine organisms have to be considered as mediator.The understanding of the reason of the phase lag, which possibly implies a “biological memory”, and the identification of all possible mediators are necessary to predict the response of marine organisms to climate variability. The identification of mediators will result in an improvement of coupled models, a deeper understanding of physical–biological interaction and the improvement of predictive capability of marine ecosystem models.     

针摆行星传动中复合齿形摆线轮等效代换齿廓的研究

提出了采用完整的短幅外摆线的等距曲线作为摆线轮齿廓，来等效代换针摆行星传动中复合齿形摆线轮齿廓的理论，并给出了求解等效齿廓参数的数学模型、计算方法和求解实例。     

空间数据的多尺度表达研究

多尺度是空间数据的重要特征之一,研究空间数据在不同尺度条件下的表达特征和方式具有极其重要的现实意义.在参考相关资料和同类研究的基础上,阐述了空间数据多尺度表达的特征和数据模型以及表达中可能出现的问题,并给出了试验结果.     

城市交通需求预测组合模型的研究

分析了交通需求预测组合模型的应用，重点研究了适用于城市交通需求预测的两种组合模型。给出了基于熵最大化原理的交通分布与交通分配组合模型的求解算例，并且构造了各种客运交通方式的广义出行费用模型，提出了基于广义出行费用和动脉多路径概率分配的交通方式划分和交通分配组合模型。     

Measuring the safety impact of road infrastructure systems on driver behavior: Vehicle instrumentation and real world driving experiment

Featured in this pilot experimental study is the construction and design of an instrumented vehicle that is able to capture vehicle trajectory data with an extremely high level of accuracy and time resolution. Once constructed and properly instrumented, the various data collection systems were integrated with one another and a driving experiment was conducted on northern Virginia roadways with 18 participants taking part in the study. Trajectory data were collected for each of the drivers as they traversed a predefined loop of four roadway segments with varying numbers of lanes and varying shoulder widths. Data collected from the experiment were then used to calibrate the parameters of the prospect theory car-following model through a genetic algorithm calibration procedure. Once all model parameters were successfully calibrated, significance testing was carried out to determine the impacts that the varying roadway infrastructure had on driving behavior. Results indicated that there were significant changes in behavior when comparing one lane roadways to their two lane counterparts—specifically in cases where the roadway featured a wide shoulder. Additional testing was conducted to ensure that there was no variation based on gender, as nine study participants were female and nine were male. The successfulness of this first study conducted with the newly constructed instrumented vehicle creates the opportunity for a variety of additional studies to be conducted in the future.     

Transport models, philosophy and language

The aim of this paper is to encourage debate about the nature of transport modelling. It does so firstly by considering the underlying philosophies of science (apparently) adopted by transport modellers, over a period of more than 50 years, from the 1950s until the present day. The conclusion is that a new philosophy of science needs to be developed, which is more in tune with how transport modelling is actually carried out (as opposed to how early transport modellers thought it ought to be carried out). It is recommended that such a new philosophy perceives transport modelling as a linguistic activity within the overall context of transport planning, which is in turn considered as a communication process. The paper outlines three main approaches that could be taken in this respect, analysing transport models from metaphorical, narrative and aesthetic perspectives. Conclusions are drawn upon the possible future research directions that might follow from the analysis provided in the paper, emphasising the importance of bringing formal philosophical thinking into transport modelling research and practice.

The principles of calibrating traffic microsimulation models

Traffic microsimulation models normally include a large number of parameters that must be calibrated before the model can be used as a tool for prediction. A wave of methodologies for calibrating such models has been recently proposed in the literature, but there have been no attempts to identify general calibration principles based on their collective experience. The current paper attempts to guide traffic analysts through the basic requirements of the calibration of microsimulation models. Among the issues discussed here are underlying assumptions of the calibration process, the scope of the calibration problem, formulation and automation, measuring goodness-of-fit, and the need for repeated model runs.