含碎石化层的沥青加铺路面结构分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了含碎石化层的沥青加铺路面结构模型,研究土基、旧路基层与碎石化层模量以及碎石化层和加铺层厚度对含碎石化层沥青加铺层路面结构的力学响应的影响,确定碎石化模量的控制范围.结果表明,荷载作用中心点及附近一定区域,沥青加铺层层底受拉;沥青加铺层层底拉应力对土基模量、旧路基层模量、碎石化层厚度不敏感,但当碎石化层模量较小(接近300MPa)或加铺层厚(大于20cm)时层底拉应力均较大,在重载作用下更大.因此碎石化道路必须验算沥青层层底拉应力指标.为使沥青层层底拉应力峰值不至于过大甚至超过容许拉应力,使得受拉区域控制在一定范围以内,同时为降低加铺层竖向剪应力及土基顶面压应变,并达到防治反射裂缝的效果,碎石化层的模量宜控制在500～1000MPa.     

Analysis of cross effect on inherent deformation during the line heating process – Part 1 – Single crossed heating lines

This paper describes the effect of previous heating on inherent deformation by a subsequent heating line, more specifically, the case of two heating lines intersecting (crossing) each other. The paper has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the case of single crossed heating lines is studied in detail. The second part of the paper, discusses the case of more than one crossed heating lines. The novelty of the work lies in revealing the cross effect and how, factors such as, for example, the heating condition and the plate geometry, influence the resulting inherent deformation of crossed heating. In addition, relationships to easily get these influences are provided. The results are suitable for a wide range of heating conditions and plate thickness.     

Career development for women in maritime industry: organisation and socialisation perspectives

For centuries, the maritime industry has been a recognised place in society dominated solely by men, and even though there were women involved, they were mostly on the periphery. This research aims to fill the gap of women’s career development in this field, by investigating the relationships among the degree of organisational socialisation, women’s workplace culture, and the career development of women in the maritime workplace. The analyses are conducted with the structural equation model with 202 valid questionnaires. The results indicated that women’s workplace culture has a significantly negative relationship with the degree of organisational socialisation, and then in turn, it has a significantly positive relationship with women’s career development in the maritime industry. Finally, the results also indicate that the mediating effect of organisational socialisation existed between women’s workplace culture and women’s career development. According to the empirical analysis, this study makes conclusions as well as suggestions for the maritime enterprises as the reference for human resource management.     

掺混甲烷对乙烯层流预混火焰炭烟形貌的影响

针对掺混甲烷的乙烯层流火焰中的炭烟颗粒从形貌角度进行了研究,构建了具有相同当量比(2.07)、火焰温度、气体流速的层流预混乙烯火焰和掺混甲烷的乙烯火焰,并各自选取了3个高度进行热泳探针取样,采用TEM和AFM方法对各个工况的炭烟颗粒粒径分布、平均粒径、平均体积当量球径进行了对比。发现少量的甲烷掺混会令乙烯火焰中炭烟颗粒的尺寸变大,而当甲烷掺混量变多时该现象消失。而通过对颗粒的圆度、球度和分形维数计算和分析,发现即使是很小的颗粒也具有相似的不规则形状,这一现象广泛存在于各种火焰和各种大小的颗粒中,不受掺混比的影响,并且越大的颗粒结构越松散。     

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国家体育场作为北京奥运会的主会场成功地承担了开闭幕式和田径赛事任务。本文研究了其停车场车辆的交通疏散问题,制定了疏散方案。首先,分析了国家体育场停车场和泊位布局及车辆疏散的具体条件。其次,通过给定环境的场景和参数设定,对具体的奥运场馆停车场车辆的疏散方案进行了仿真和评价。最后,利用奥运会开幕式的车辆疏散实测数据进行了对比分析,在仿真中要员和贵宾车辆的总疏散时间为26min,而奥运会开幕式车辆疏散实测结果表明,全部要员、贵宾疏散完毕,共用时27min,从而验证了车辆疏散方案的准确性和实用性。     

采用变化基本体的授课方法以提高教学效果

在《机械（工程）制图》教学中,学生对基本体的变化及其在实际中的应用难以理解,文中介绍提高基本体教学效果的方法。     

船闸闸室明沟形式及消能效果分析

船闸侧墙廊道闸室明沟消能工布置及消能效果的优劣,直接影响闸室内船舶所受系缆力大小及停泊安全。利用局部模型,在恒定流情况下,对侧墙廊道闸室内布置单明沟机加槛、双明沟及三明沟消能工充水过程进行试验研究;分析和比较各明沟形式的剩余比能、动能及流场分布,综合评判各形式明沟消能工的消能特性,并在整体模型上进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:三种明沟形式比较,三明沟布置消能效果最优。双明沟消能形式较单明沟消能水体增大较多,消能工布置灵活,消能空间大,水流分布亦较单明沟更为均匀,在减小闸室内横向水流对船舶作用力方面较单明沟形式优越。因此,综合比较,双明沟消能效果较单明沟要好。     

船用桨后固定组合叶轮节能效果研究

船用桨后固定组合叶轮是一种新型螺旋桨节能装置。为了解其节能机理并验证节能效果,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法对该问题进行研究。首先选用B4-65螺旋桨进行敞水数值模拟,验证计算模型和方法的正确性;然后重点对螺旋桨在加装桨后固定组合叶轮后的水动力性能进行模拟。结果表明:桨后固定组合叶轮能够较好地削弱螺旋桨后方的梢涡与毂涡,回收尾流能量。而且该节能装置能与螺旋桨产生有利干扰,增加桨叶上的推力。在低进速区(J0.4)时,该节能装置能达到2%以上的节能效果。     

海上水声信号处理算法中的物理特性仿真研究

通过研究海上水声信号的产生和海上水声信号定位系统的构成,设计水声信号处理系统流程,指出陆地上的主控中心与水中的基站如何进行信号数据传递,以及环境噪声、传输损耗、多径传输、多普勒效应等物理特性对信号偏移产生何种影响。最后通过实验验证加入消除滤波器后可以有效地控制多普勒效应产生的频率偏移。     

混凝土抗剪强度尺寸效应的细观数值模拟

混凝土的抗剪强度关系到混凝土结构的安全。采用随机骨料模型模拟混凝土的细观结构,利用有限元方法数值模拟混凝土试件的细观损伤断裂和抗剪强度,将所得数值结果与混凝土重力坝设计规范参考值比较,结果较为吻合,从而为混凝土力学性能的数值模拟开辟了新途径。同时研究表明混凝土试件的抗剪强度存在明显的尺寸效应。