单向和多向不规则波作用下港域波浪数值研究

采用MIKE-BW模型对TEMA港内波浪场进行数值模拟和验证,二者吻合良好。在此基础上对比分析单向和多向不规则波作用下港内波浪条件,以及随入射波向和谱峰周期的变化规律。结果表明:在以绕射为主的模型中,多向波扰动系数大于单向波,此时采用多向波更加安全合理,并且在模型计算中,不可忽视地形变化对港域波高分布的影响;在模型边界反射较强的模型中,单向波扰动系数可能大于多向波扰动系数,此时采用单向波会更加安全。     

零航速减摇鳍水动力特性分析

分析零航速减摇鳍的升力模型和力矩模型,探讨正弦运动的鳍产生最大升力和最大转鳍力矩与转鳍速度的关系,经对比发现,同一鳍角幅值转鳍下任一时刻升力的大小与经过该点的角速度的平方成正比。为此,采用通用CFD软件计算方法,验证理论模型的规律,在数值仿真的基础上,拟合升力公式和力矩公式的各个系数,并将实船试验转鳍力矩与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明仿真结果能较好地反映实际转鳍力矩的变化规律。     

不规则波作用下的港域波浪条件试验研究

针对数学模型很少能较好地模拟天然海浪的多向性、不规则性的特点,基于港口波浪整体物理模型试验,对不规则波作用下港域内测点的波高扰动系数的分布规律进行研究。结果表明:在绕射作用为主的掩护区域,多向波的绕射性能大于单向波,波浪扰动系数较大;波浪绕射、反射作用均十分强烈的掩护区域,多向不规则波与单向不规则波的扰动系数看不出明显的大小关系。以反射作用为主的掩护良好区域,单向不规则波的扰动系数较多向不规则波的要大,且受反射作用越大的区域,单向波的扰动系数大的越多。在以绕射作用为主的掩护区域,波浪分布对周期的敏感性较差;在以反射作用为主的掩护良好区域,波高分布对周期的敏感性较强。在绕射、反射都较强的情况下有可能单向波作用下的港内波高大于单向波,用单向不规则波来模拟反而是偏安全的。在进行港内波况整体模型试验时需要根据实际的工程条件做出综合考虑来决定波型,必要时要对单向、多向不规则波都要进行试验以确定最佳方案。     

舰艇在海浪作用下的扰动仿真分析

实际海洋环境中舰艇受到多种因素的作用,对舰艇的操纵控制、船舶运动等方面产生了影响.本文基于非规则长峰波的数值仿真,提出舰艇在波浪影响下干扰力的计算方法.从频谱分析角度出发分析舰艇干扰力的主要影响因素,为仿真舰艇在海洋环境下运动提供思路.     

统计能量法及其在提速客车噪声预测中的应用

为了预测提速客车内部噪声能量分布及噪声传递路径，用统计能量法对其进行了分析，讨论了统计能量法分析复杂振声系统的基本原理及稳态振声系统统计能量分析的基本方程．以唐山车辆厂提速客车为应用实例，获得了车内总的声功率在车底架、窗玻璃等主要传递路径上的能量分布，并给出了车窗双层玻璃不同厚度的高频响应以及车底架地板涂抹阻尼材料吸收低频声能的机理的治理措施。     

船舶电站负荷扰动下轴系瞬时转速的动态仿真

受到大负荷扰动后,船舶电站的参数将发生较大变化.从发电柴油机、电力负荷、发电机及励磁调节系统方面建立柴油机瞬时转速的动态模型,并从气缸做功和负载方面对瞬时转速变化方面进行分析.依据发电柴油机的不同负荷类型,分别从恒定阻抗法、电动机机电暂态过程动态特性、负荷的静态特性三方面进行归类计算,提高了负荷的动态和静态仿真性能,励磁系统则采用三阶实用模型.最后利用Matlab/SIMULINK进行了系统的静态、暂态和动态稳定性分析.     

粉质黏土层大直径泥水盾构掘进地层扰动分析

针对盾构机在粉质黏土层中推进引起的地层扰动进行分析尤为重要。以新建京张高铁JZSG-1标段清华园隧道2号～1号盾构区间为例,采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究大直径泥水平衡盾构隧道穿越粉质黏土层引起的地层扰动,得到土体横向水平位移及地表沉降的变化规律。需对横向1.5D范围内地表及建(构)筑物进行地层加固、加强监控量测;在盾构掘进过程中,应根据沉降数据实时调整盾构掘进参数及加固方案,以期更好地控制地表沉降。针对掌子面释放系数和注浆层软化模量进行参数分析数值计算,提出地表沉降的有效控制方法,在条件允许情况下适当提早管片的拼装及适当加快注浆层的硬化速度,可有效控制地表沉降。     

对一起新造渔船机桨配合失调分析处理

某船厂新造一艘排水量400t的小型渔船,在试航中发现主机排气温度超标,工况恶化,只能降速运行。文章针对以上现象进行调查分析,最后确认机桨配合失调是引起柴油机工况恶化的主要原因。     

Extracting driving characteristics from heavy goods vehicle tachograph charts

European Union regulations require haulage companies of member states like the UK to keep records of their drivers’ hours of work. All heavy goods vehicles (HGV's) over 7.5 tonnes are fitted with tachographs which record a driver's operating activities (periods of driving, other work and rest). These records are etched onto a laminated chart by various styli, one of which records the vehicle's speed. This paper describes the development and testing of a new technique for extracting individual driving characteristics from the speed trace of an HGV tachograph chart to calculate four parameters: distance travelled, average speed, time travelled and speed variability.

The average speed, time travelled and speed variability were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance tests. Speed variability was found to be particularly useful for identifying differences between individual driver's behaviour. Once differences in behaviours can be identified it may be possible to link certain driving habits to factors such as component wear, accident rates and excessive fuel usage.     

The pros and cons of Intelligent Speed Adaptation as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders

In 2011 in the Netherlands a field operational test was performed to investigate the possibility of using restrictive Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) as a penalty system for serious speed offenders. This paper presents the overall results of the research focusing on the pros and cons of the use of ISA as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders, and on the preconditions for deployment. The results showed that the ISA systems tested have a huge effect on driver behavior and have the potential to improve road safety by reducing the level of speeding, mean speed, as well as the standard deviation of speed. However, there are also cons: the behavioral change in driving behavior was only temporary. In addition the tested technology proved too easy to override, raised issues of equity, and a substantial back office is required when implementing the system for serious speed offenders.