广西高速公路设计灵活性探讨

文章分析了广西高速公路设计存在的主要问题,从灵活性设计角度提出了改进的措施,并指出正确运用设计指标,对提高广西高速公路设计水平和通过率、保证行车安全有现实的意义。     

基于模糊 PID 的光电跟踪系统自适应前馈补偿控制*

为降低干扰力矩对光电跟踪系统精度的影响,提出了基于模糊 P ID的光电跟踪系统前馈补偿控制方法。首先,分析了按扰动前馈补偿的控制原理,提出了自适应前馈补偿方法;然后,对用直流力矩电机驱动的光电跟踪系统进行了建模;最后,为光电跟踪系统位置环设计了模糊PID控制器,并在此基础上设计了与之相匹配的自适应前馈补偿函数。仿真结果表明,相对于PID控制的固定前馈补偿控制器,所设计的控制器加快了反应速度,大幅提高了控制精度。     

PTC群桩施工对连云港海相软土的扰动规律现场试验研究

为了解PTC群桩的施工对连云港软土具体的扰动规律,掌握其桩间海相软土孔隙水压力的积累和消散、软土强度变化特征,进行了现场PTC管桩群桩沉桩现场试验研究,得到了一系列有益的结论,将对其设计、施工起一定的指导作用。     

步进电机式怠速控制装置的结构原理

怠速控制(ISC)是在保证发动机排放要求且运转稳定的前提下,尽量使发动机保持最低稳定转速,以降低怠速时的燃油消耗量。怠速时喷油量的控制由燃油喷射控制系统根据与空气量相匹配的原则进行增减,以达到目标空燃比。主要介绍步进电机式怠速控制装置的组成,步进电机式怠速控制阀的主要结构及步进电机式怠速控制装置的控制原理。     

不同方式下汽轮发电机参数的获取对电力系统仿真的影响

以一台300MW大型汽轮发电机为例,分别按照"场"、"路"两种不同方法计算了其相关参数,并讨论了两种计算方法的区别及意义.最后,通过对"单机--无穷大系统"模型进行扰动仿真,证明了按照"场"方法计算得出的参数更适用于电力系统的动态仿真.     

某多管火箭炮的动力学特性分析

利用显式动力学方法计算了某火箭弹与定向管的弹管碰撞问题,得到了定向钮和前中后3个定心部与定向管的碰撞力;利用快速傅立叶变换计算出碰撞力的频谱,并与某火箭弹发射装置的固有频率进行对比分析,说明了火箭炮系统设计合理;对火箭弹发射系统进行了动力学计算,得出了前后2组弹发射的最小时间间隔和初始扰动参数.     

摩托车发动机点火调试仪的研制(1)

利用检测单缸发动机瞬时转速的波动来确定发动机负荷的方法,研制出一套摩托车发动机数字点火系统——点火调试仪。结合单缸CG125发动机台架试验,标定得到CG125发动机最佳点火提前角与转速、瞬时转速波动的外特性图(MAP),标定结果证明该关系符合最佳点火提前角与转速、负荷的变化规律,能较准确地反映最佳点火提前角与转速、负荷的关系,可以实现对发动机点火提前角转速和负荷的二维控制。     

驾驶员前视行为特性的动态变化规律

为了准确描述驾驶员前视预瞄行为随车速及道路曲率动态变化的特性,文章开展了在不同道路曲率和车速下的驾驶员前视距离实车场地试验测试,建立了车速-道路曲率-驾驶员前视时间的关系曲线,并将其应用于人-车-路闭环仿真中,进一步提高了驾驶员方向控制模型与真实驾驶员操纵行为的一致性.     

Lane changing patterns of bane and benefit: Observations of an uphill expressway

A mechanism is unveiled by which congestion forms on a 3-lane, uphill expressway segment, and causes reductions in output flow. Vehicular lane-changing (LC) is key to the mechanism, particularly LC induced by speed disturbances (SDs) that periodically arise in the expressway’s median and center lanes. Early in the rush, when flow was relatively low in the shoulder lane, drivers readily migrated toward that lane to escape the oncoming SDs. The shoulder lane thus acted as a ‘release valve’ for the high vehicular accumulations created by the SDs, such that forced vehicular decelerations were short-lived. The release valve failed only later in the rush, when flow increased in the shoulder lane in response to rising demand. LC induced by the SDs thereafter became disruptive: the decelerations they imposed spread laterally, and a persistent queue formed in all lanes. Long-run output flow dropped each day by 4-11% once the queue engulfed the base of the incline, and impeded vehicle ascent.Subtle details of this mechanism became visible by examining thousands of vehicle trajectories that were extracted from a series of eleven roadside video cameras. Though these trajectories were collected from only a single day, we suspect that the findings can be generalized to other days at the present site, and to other sites. This is because: (i) conspicuous features of the mechanism were repeatedly observed in loop detector data that were measured over many days at the site; (ii) these macroscopic features are consistent with observations previously made at other sites; and (iii) the more subtle details unveiled by the trajectories are compatible with a general theory of multi-lane traffic.     

北京市快速路速度—流量—密度关系研究

以北京市快速环路系统为研究对象,以大量的实测交通数据为基础,分析了流量-密度-速度三者之间的关系,据此来研究北京市快速环路交通流的运行特征;并利用不同的流密度模型进行相应的拟合,从而对各模型的适用范围和使用程度进行了对比分析,为进一步进行北京市快速路交通流特性的深入研究以及进行交通控制优化提供了基础。