Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length

Ground delay programs typically involve the delaying of aircraft that are departing from origin airports within some set distance of a capacity constrained destination airport. Long haul flights are not delayed in this way. A trade-off exists when fixing the distance parameter: increasing the ‘scope’ distributes delay among more aircraft and may reduce airborne holding delay but could also result in unnecessary delay in the (frequently observed) case of early program cancellation. In order to overcome part of this drawback, a fuel based cruise speed reduction strategy aimed at realizing airborne delay, was suggested by the authors in previous publications. By flying slower, at a specific speed, aircraft that are airborne can recover part of their initially assigned delay without incurring extra fuel consumption if the ground delay program is canceled before planned. In this paper, the effect of the scope of the program is assessed when applying this strategy. A case study is presented by analyzing all the ground delay programs that took place at San Francisco, Newark Liberty and Chicago O’Hare International airports during one year. Results show that by the introduction of this technique it is possible to define larger scopes, partially reducing the amount of unrecovered delay.     

高压旋喷地基加固施工时的土体扰动控制探索

介绍了地基加固施工中的一个痼疾:地基加固施工不可避免地会对周围土体产生扰动,从而导致周围管线及建筑物的沉降。文中通过对工程实例的分析,详细介绍了高压旋喷施工时如何有针对性地采取措施来控制土体扰动的危害,介绍了一些处理方法,提出了施工过程中应注意的问题。     

新的改性沥青设备与加工技术

通过对沥青改性方法的研究 ,基于提高改性沥青单位小时产量的目的 ,探索出利用高速剪切和二次泵技术实施沥青改性。这种加工技术突破了以往沥青改性采用的“胶体磨”技术 ,适用范围广 ,可加工不同种类的改性沥青 ;采用该种加工技术提高了生产效率 ,产品的技术指标满足甚至超过规范要求。通过研制出的改性沥青生产设备制备出 PE、SBS、化学网构改性沥青等 ,而且将这几种改性沥青已应用于实体工程。     

140客位沿海单体高速客船

阐述了１４０客位沿海单体高速客船的主要要素,主要技术性能,型线特征,结构特点,总布置等,并论述了本船设计特点。     

基于MSC与UPPAAL的高铁跨界临时限速建模与验证

临时限速服务器是高铁列控系统的重要组成部分,其不仅要校验CTC下发的临时限速命令,还要与相邻调度台临时限速服务器之间进行频繁的信息交互,因此对其安全性和实时性要求也更苛刻。为了满足高铁列控系统对其运行的要求,采用时间自动机理论和消息顺序图(MSC)相结合的方法,首先建立跨界临时限速命令的MSC模型和时间自动机子模型,再利用UPPAAL验证工具对形式化语法BNF描述的时间自动机子模型属性进行验证。根据仿真验证结果确认了跨界临时限速信息的安全性和受限活性,为进一步开发临时限速服务器功能提供了重要的依据。     

An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

关于既有线C2等级转换点设置的探讨

为充分发挥快速铁路效益,满足区域城市交通运输需求,既有线提速开行动车组工程项目将日益增多,等级转换点的设置问题也将在设计中成为一个必须研究的课题。结合既有集包增建二线实施CTCS-2级列控系统工程,针对既有线的实际情况对C0/C2等级转换点的设置问题进行探讨,提出等级转换点的设置应在满足线路运输组织方式、尽量提高铁路线路运输能力的前提下必须考虑列车运行速度及制动距离等因素的结论。     

热扰动对冻土区片块石路基热状态变化特性的影响研究

随着我国现阶段的公路建设里程不断增长,相较于常规平原地区,高寒冻土区公路建设过程要克服冻土路基带来的各类不良影响。针对热扰动对冻土区片块石路基带来的影响进行深入研究,在分析该区域高等级公路路基状态的过程中,采集片块石路基的温度状态、吸放热状态和冻融循环状态等方面数据,探讨了其热状态变化的整体规律。研究结果显示:片块石路基在冻土区有着很好的热稳定性作用,可实现主动冷却作用;片块石路基能通过加快温差空气间的流通速度,避免热扰动对路基温度产生过于明显的影响,从而减少热扰动所带来的各类路基病害;片块石路基正下方的最大融化深度正逐步提高;片块石路基的阴阳面存在吸放热不平衡的情况,阳面路肩吸放热量达到阴面路肩吸放热量的2.7倍,阳面坡脚吸放热量达到阴面坡脚吸放热量的2.3倍;随着片块石路基阴阳面吸放热不平衡的发展,其对应的阴面冻土升温速度小于阳面冻土,阴面冻土上限发展程度同样小于阳面冻土。     

Flexural gravity wave generation by initial disturbances in the presence of current

The effect of uniform current on the generation of flexural gravity waves resulting from initial disturbances at a point was analyzed in two dimensions. The problem was formulated as an initial boundary value problem under the assumptions of the linearized theory of water waves. By direct application of the Laplace transform and then the Fourier transform, explicit expressions for the velocity potential and free surface elevation were obtained in integral forms; these were evaluated asymptotically for large distances and times by the application of the method of the stationary phase to obtain the far field behavior of the surface elevations in specific cases. Simple numerical computations were performed to illustrate the effect of uniform current on the surface elevation, wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the flexural gravity waves and on the far field behavior of the progressive waves in two different cases, namely, when there is an initial depression concentrated at the origin and an initial impulse concentrated at the origin.     

路基是有生命力的结构物——我国高速铁路路基建设取得的成就和需要继续解决的问题

系统归纳总结我国高速铁路路基技术体系形成、发展、完善的历程和高速铁路路基建设10年来在地基处理、路基结构层设计和填筑、路堤式路堑、过渡段、路基边坡支挡防护和防排水、路基结构与附属电缆沟槽和接触网支柱等基础的系统集成、沉降变形观测与评估等方面变革和发展取得的成就,指出正是高速铁路对路基工程刚度和变形的严苛要求,促进了我国高速铁路路基技术的革命性变革和不断进步,强化了路基结构物的建造理念,凝聚了路基结构物的生命力;同时,在非饱和土、膨胀土(岩)等方面阐释路基建设过程中仍需继续研究解决的问题。希冀本文有助于我国高速铁路路基技术体系的不断完善、创新发展,进一步提升我国高速铁路路基建造水平,增强满足列车安全、高速、舒适运营的生命力。