浅谈技能大赛促进汽车专业教学改革和人才培养成效的探究

2020年12月,一场旨在发挥职业技能竞赛在促进技能人才培养、推动职业技能培训和弘扬工匠精神重要作用的中华人民共和国第一届职业技能大赛在广州举行。这场比赛是自新中国成立以来,举办的规格最高、项目最多、规模最大的全国性、综合性职业技能赛事。再次把职教界一直关注的"以赛促教,以赛促学,赛教融合,互相促教"理念以及促进汽车专业教学改革和人才培养成效相关的话题提升到新的关注度。本文将作者亲身的参赛经历和学校教改成效,分享如何在技能大赛背景下促进汽车专业教学改革和人才培养成效的探究,希望能抛砖引玉为汽车职教的发展提供参考和启发。     

考虑网络外部性航运商与无车承运人竞合研究

构建由 1个海洋航运商和 2个无车承运人组成的上下游的合作与竞争关系,2个无车承运人有不同的市场地位.通过斯坦伯格博弈研究发现,航运商负责货源或处于领导地位的无车承运人负责货源会影响各方的均衡利润及渠道结构.分析比较了海洋航运商的整合策略和利润共享策略.结果表明,在网络外部性和无车承运人提供差异性服务时,纳什均衡是航运商负责货源且上下游整合或利润分享.     

日本禁止垄断法的最新发展

2005年日本对《禁止垄断法》作了重要的修改,该修正案于2006年1月4日生效。修正案的主要内容包括修改了征缴课征金制度(包括增加了征缴课征金的计算比例),引入了宽恕制度和在刑事调查中采取强制措施的制度,并修改了听证程序。它显著增强了公正交易委员会执行禁止垄断法,制止和消除反竞争活动——特别是核心卡特尔的能力。这些修改对促进日本竞争政策,开创反垄断领域的新时代具有非常重要的意义。在将来的进一步发展中,需要注意加大对卡特尔行为的处罚力度,但对实施了不公正交易方法的行为的企业不应该处以征缴行政性的课征金或刑事的处罚。     

Vehicle insurance and the risk of road traffic accidents

Given the upward trend in incidences of road traffic accidents (RTAs) over recent years, in order to mitigate the financial losses arising from such accidents, governments around the world nowadays generally encourage, or even require, drivers to purchase appropriate vehicle insurance. The primary aim of this study is to examine whether RTAs are directly related to the purchase of vehicle insurance, with our examination of data on vehicle damage insurance policyholders revealing that those drivers who purchase more insurance coverage have a higher probability of being involved in accidents, as a result of which, they will tend to submit more claims. This indicates that insurance coverage might contain information which can be used to assess the probability risk levels of RTAs. We also find that drivers with less safety awareness will tend to purchase more coverage, and that those who purchase more coverage will, in turn, tend to have more accidents and submit more claims. Our findings, which provide a number of road traffic policy implications, would appear to justify the use of the bonus–malus system.     

On maximum forces exerted by floating ice on a structure due to constrained thermal expansion of ice

The problem of interaction between a floating ice cover and an engineering structure is considered, in which the ice–structure contact forces are caused by an increase in ice temperature due to solar radiation in situations, when the lateral thermal expansion of ice is constrained. The focus is on the determination of the maximum thermally-induced horizontal force exerted on a structure wall, assuming that the magnitude of this force is bound by the smallest force capable of fracturing the ice cover due to its buckling. The ice cover is modelled as a rectangular plate of uniform thickness, with its four edges being constrained by vertical rigid walls, and it is assumed that ice deforms, and eventually fails, by the mechanism of viscous creep buckling. The plate is subjected to in-plane axial compressive stresses developing in ice to prevent its thermal expansion due to solar heating, and is transversely (vertically) bent by the forces caused by the reaction of underlying water. The floating ice is treated as a material whose elastic and viscous properties depend on temperature and the ice porosity, and therefore they vary with time and the depth of ice. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for a variety of the ice plate horizontal dimensions, thicknesses and daytime temperature-change scenarios, illustrate the evolution of the plate deflection surface prior to its failure, and show the time variation of the maximum forces exerted by ice on a structure wall as functions of the ice thickness and maximum daytime temperature rise at the top surface of ice.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

Semi-submersible wind turbine hull shape design for a favorable system response behavior

Floating offshore wind turbines are a novel technology, which has reached, with the first wind farm in operation, an advanced state of development. The question of how floating wind systems can be optimized to operate smoothly in harsh wind and wave conditions is the subject of the present work. An integrated optimization was conducted, where the hull shape of a semi-submersible, as well as the wind turbine controller were varied with the goal of finding a cost-efficient design, which does not respond to wind and wave excitations, resulting in small structural fatigue and extreme loads.The optimum design was found to have a remarkably low tower-base fatigue load response and small rotor fore-aft amplitudes. Further investigations showed that the reason for the good dynamic behavior is a particularly favorable response to first-order wave loads: The floating wind turbine rotates in pitch-direction about a point close to the rotor hub and the rotor fore-aft motion is almost unaffected by the wave excitation. As a result, the power production and the blade loads are not influenced by the waves. A comparable effect was so far known for Tension Leg Platforms but not for semi-submersible wind turbines. The methodology builds on a low-order simulation model, coupled to a parametric panel code model, a detailed viscous drag model and an individually tuned blade pitch controller. The results are confirmed by the higher-fidelity model FAST. A new indicator to express the optimal behavior through a single design criterion has been developed.     

铁路招标采购机制功用初探

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善 ,铁路采购市场上的招投标机制也应运而生。文章介绍了铁路采购市场的现状 ,招标投标竞争机制的优越性 ,最后提出了推行招标采购机制的几点建议。     

风险态度与密封招标中的均衡投标策略

运用博弈论中不完全信息的贝叶斯均衡分析了常相对风险投标人在第一价格密封招标中的投标策略 ,得到了在独立的私人价值下对称的投标人和非对称的投标人在风险厌恶、风险中性和风险追求时的投标策略     

溢出效应与集群企业创新时间的选择

为考察溢出效应对产业集群企业创新时间的影响，将溢出效应系数引入创新时间和投入之间的线性函数以及创新成功时间的概率函数中，建立了集群企业创新期望净收益函数．将该收益函数对创新时间和溢出效应系数变量求出二阶偏导数以建立最优创新时间和溢出效应系数之间的一阶导数关系．对一阶导数符号的分析显示，当竞争企业数量较大时，无论创新类型、资金成本、研发风险参数如何变化，最优创新时间都随技术溢出效应的增强而缩短．