Effective assessment of tyre–road friction coefficient using a hybrid estimator

Vehicle stability and active safety control depend heavily on tyre forces available on each wheel of a vehicle. Since tyre forces are strongly affected by the tyre–road friction coefficient, it is crucial to optimise the use of the adhesion limits of the tyres. This study presents a hybrid method to identify the road friction limitation; it contributes significantly to active vehicle safety. A hybrid estimator is developed based on the three degrees-of-freedom vehicle model, which considers longitudinal, lateral and yaw motions. The proposed hybrid estimator includes two sub-estimators: one is the vehicle state information estimator using the unscented Kalman filter and another is the integrated road friction estimator. By connecting two sub-estimators simultaneously, the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the road friction coefficient. The performance of the proposed estimation algorithm is validated in CarSim/Matlab co-simulation environment under three different road conditions (high-μ, low-μ and mixed-μ). Simulation results show that the proposed estimator can assess vehicle states and road friction coefficient with good accuracy.     

节能环保措施在3500m~3/h绞吸式挖泥船上的应用

疏浚船舶是疏浚工作的必备船机设施,它的选型的好坏将直接影响到疏浚工作的效率与成败。阐述了中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院为连云港港设计的3500m3/h绞吸式挖泥船的节能环保设计思路。重点介绍采用负载转移或功率管理分配等节能措施、采用变频电机取代液压泵站来驱动水下泵及水下绞刀的环保措施等。旨在投资额较为固定的要求下,选型、建造出一艘既技术先进,又节能环保,而且还要安全可靠、平稳高效的绞吸式挖泥船舶。     

竞争中二度价格歧视研究

运用博弈论知识，采用定量分析方法，系统地讨论了二度价格歧视条件下竞争厂商的利润最大化条件．首先讨论了二度价格歧视利润最大化条件，然后将此条件加以推广．接着分别研究了线性需求函数和非线性需求函数情形下的利润最大化问题．针对上述问题，均给出了严谨的理论分析和有关计算公式．     

政府干预与政策竞争:欧盟阻止船舶移籍的经验及其对中国的启示

从政策选择上对如何阻止长期以来困扰国际海运业的船舶移籍问题进行探讨，基于对国内外船舶移籍现状及其发展过程的分析，深入分析了欧盟成员国在阻止船舶移籍方面所采取的政府干预与政策竞争策略，指出了中国改善船舶移籍状况的政策取向。     

企业文化建设如何迎接国际化竞争的挑战

从企业文化的内涵入手,结合部分企业成功的经验,对现代企业如何加强企业文化建设,提高企业的核心竞争力,更好的迎接国际化竞争提出了建议和对策。     

密封拍卖与土木工程招投标中的均衡投标策略

笔者在文中给出了独立私人价值下风险中性、常相对风险和常绝对风险(包括风险厌恶,风险中性和风险追求)及对数效用函数的投标人在第一价格密封拍卖和最低价格中标的采购招标中的均衡投标策略.     

从过度分散竞争到适度寡头垄断--我国道路客运市场发展的必然方向

目前，我国道路客运市场呈过度分散竞争的市场状态，严重制约了我国道路客运业的发展，制定适合道路客运业发展的行业政策已成为道路客运行业管理部门面临的重要课题，也是道路运输产业发展的必然要求。通过研究道路客运市场的现状，发现道路客运市场存在的问题．提出适度寡头垄断是我国道路客运市场发展的必然方向。     

Public–private partnerships: a review of economic considerations with particular reference to transportation projects

The paper sets in context some of the more recent work that has been conducted on public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the provision and operation of infrastructure. PPPs essentially involve a government or its agent signing an agreement with a private company or consortium to supply it with services with the private sector actor involved in major elements of designing, building, temporarily ‘owning’, and running the physical assets; basically they are long-term development and service contracts between government and a private partner. The paper outlines the development of economic thinking regarding the rationale behind PPPs, the extent to which unbundling is optimal and the forms that it may take, the nature of the contracts that are enacted and their renegotiation, the awarding of contracts, and matters of possible corruption. By way of focus, it also provides some indication of what empirical studies in the transportation have thrown up regarding the outcomes of PPPs.     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

Influence of wheel and rail profile shape on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue cracks at high axle loads

The influence of wheel and rail profile shape features on the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks is evaluated based on the results of multi-body vehicle dynamics simulations. The damage index and surface fatigue index are used as two damage parameters to assess the influence of the different features. The damage parameters showed good agreement to one another and to in-field observations. The wheel and rail profile shape features showed a correlation to the predicted RCF damage. The RCF damage proved to be most sensitive to the position of hollow wear and thus bogie tracking. RCF initiation and crack growth can be reduced by eliminating unwanted shape features through maintenance and design and by improving bogie tracking.