Car ownership and public transport use: Revisiting the interaction

At the beginning of the 1980s, it seemed that a consensus was emerging among researchers that public transport service levels, fares or quality had a small but possibly important effect on car ownership, and that this should be taken into account for those purposes where car ownership forecasts are used for developing policy on public transport or roads. Somehow, the findings faded away, and had little effect on policy thinking or on analytical techniques. The results of six surveys carried out in South Yorkshire over the period 1972 to 1991, during which there were extreme changes in public transport policy, tend to support a prima facie case for reopening the question. At the household level, car ownership rates are shown to be more volatile than is often assumed, especially in multiple car households. This volatility provides a context within which the quality of public transport provision appears to influence both the level of car ownership and the relationship between changes in the level of car ownership and changes in public transport use.     

正交试验设计在交通意向调查中的应用

为了在保证意向调查精度的基础上精简方案数量,采用正交的方法进行方案设计。文中简要介绍了正交设计的原理,利用因素间的正交特点进行多因素多水平的方案组合,并比较了应用正交设计前后的效果。该方法降低了组合次数,也有利于提高后期数据处理的工作效率。在调查实例中,运用正交设计的停车行为意向调查问卷取得了较好的效果。     

城市出入口道路服务水平划分的研究

本文以成都、重庆等为背景，对城市出入口进行了大量的交通调查，在充分占有资料的基础上，利用系统模拟方法，再现城市出入口状况，把握了交通的基本特性，进而提出了以负荷系数、车流代表车速及运行特征作为服务水平的划分依据，将服务水平分成五级，划分依据易于度量，分级标准可操作性强，便于应用。     

Transportation and land-use preferences and residents’ neighborhood choices: the sufficiency of compact development in the Atlanta region

This paper analyzes the transportation and land-use preference and actual neighborhood choices of a sample of 1,455 residents of metro Atlanta. We develop a stated-preference scale on which desires for neighborhood type are gauged, from preferences for low-density, auto-oriented environments to desires for compact, walkable, and transit-oriented neighborhoods. This scale is then related to desires for change in one’s own neighborhood characteristics after a hypothetical move. If all neighborhood preferences were equally likely to be satisfied, then neighborhood preferences would not be correlated with a desire for change. By contrast, in the current study, stronger preferences for a more walkable environment are associated with greater desire for change in one’s neighborhood characteristics. This suggests an undersupply of compact, walkable, and transit-friendly neighborhood types relative to current demand.