The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

发展多功能农业致富农村

传统农业解决了我国人民的温饱问题．在当代,人们认为农业除了承担向社会提供特定农产品的功能外,还承担着一定的能源、文化、生态、社会功能．在经济发展日益受到限制的情况下,人们不由自主的将目光转向农业．开发农业的多种功能是农业发展的必然趋势,适应了经济社会发展对农业不断提出的新需求．多功能农业是现代农业的发展方向,有利于推进社会主义新农村建设,增加农民收入,提高农民生活水平．     

Extending stated choice analysis to recognise agent-specific attribute endogeneity in bilateral group negotiation and choice: a think piece

This paper is a think piece on variations in the structure of stated preference studies when modelling the joint preferences of interacting agents who have the power to influence the attribute levels on offer. The approach proposed is an extension of standard stated choice methods, known as ‘stated endogenous attribute level’ (SEAL) analysis. It allows for interactive agents to adjust attribute levels off a base stated choice specification that are within their control, in an effort to reach agreement in an experimental setting. This accomplishes three goals: (1) the ability to place respondents in an environment that more closely matches interactive settings in which some attribute levels are endogenous to a specific agent, should the modeller wish to capture such behaviour; (2) the improved ability of the modeller to capture the behaviour in such settings, including a greater wealth of information on the related interaction processes, rather than simply outcomes; and (3) the expansion of the set of situations that the modeller can investigate using experimental data.

港口起重设备电气系统低压断路器的选择浅析

低压断路器在电气系统中是应用最广泛的电气元件之一。选择合适的断路器能保障系统的安全及稳定运行。介绍了断路器选择的主要参数。分析了断路器的常见故障及短路电流的计算。最后介绍了断路器的选择方法,可作借鉴。     

考虑老年人出行行为的公交票价补贴政策研究

北京市现行的老年人公交免费政策在保障老年人日常出行的同时,诱发了老年人无谓出行、高峰出行、冒乘出行等问题. 针对不同出行目的、出行距离及出发时刻下老年人出行行为偏好,基于北京市第五次综合交通调查数据,构建多场景下老年人出行方式选择MNL (Multinominal Logit)模型,分析错峰优惠、阶梯式津贴等补贴政策对多方式分担率的影响,并从公共交通运能利用率、政府补贴和老年人公交支出等方面评价政策效果. 结果表明：相对现行政策,两种政策均可有效调节老年人出行行为,前者能够缓解政府财政补贴压力,但造成老年人公交支出的上升;后者侧重保护老年人群的社会福利,对行为的引导效果更显著,但仍需大量的财政补贴投入.     

基于方式选择的拥堵收费及返还优化模型

通过应用累积前景理论分析用户出行行为,建立拥堵收费及其返还的优化模 型,得到了不同需求分布均值下的最优收费和最优票价折扣费率,用算例验证了模型的 有效性,并对比了无补贴无收费、有收费无补贴、有补贴无收费及有补贴有收费4 种情况 的系统总成本,以及有补贴有收费情况下相对于无补贴无收费情况,政府和用户节省的 总成本费用.结果表明,模型与实际现象是吻合的,实施拥堵收费和补贴政策可以有效减 少系统总成本,节省政府财政支出和公交车用户的费用成本,而且恰当的设置拥堵收费 和票价折扣费率将有效引导人们更多的选择公共交通出行.     

基于决策场理论的出行者动态决策行为研究

为了研究出行者进行路径选择时的动态决策过程,本文采用决策场理论,研究 了多属性条件下,机动车出行者的微观和宏观动态决策行为.分析了决策场理论的基本模 型,构建了出行者动态决策行为场景和框架,以历史出行时间、预测出行时间和两者综合 值作为出行者决策的路径属性,并根据属性与实际出行时间的差值为依据,提出了出行 者注意力权重矩阵计算方法.通过算例分析发现,自由流出行时间对出行者决策影响较 大,出行者对路径属性的依赖性非常强,决策过程中存在路径偏好反转的现象,表明出行 者动态决策过程是随时间不断变化的,路径选择是时间累计的结果.     

基于累积前景理论的通勤者路径选择模型

为了全面描述决策者在不确定环境下的出行行为,从价值变化和可靠性变化两个方面研究通勤者的路径选择行为及对待风险的态度,提出了基于累积前景理论（CPT）的通勤者路径选择模型.首先推广了两个参考点的CPT,接着根据不确定理论对行程时间进行预算,给出通勤者参考点估计的统一方法,然后构造通勤者的路径选择模型. 最后在一个测试网络上研究可靠度与参考点及可靠度与累积前景值的关系.结果表明,通勤者的参考点可以根据可靠度要求动态设置.出发时刻相同,出行者可靠度要求较高时,风险较低的路径前景值较大;反之可靠度要求较低时,行程时间平均值较小,虽然风险较高的路径前景值也比较大,这一结论与事实相符合.本文所提出的决策模型能够有效地描述通勤者在随机路网中的路径选择行为.     

河湾路基侵蚀机理与防治措施

笔者着重对河湾路基侵蚀机理进行了理论分析与试验研究. 通过对弯道环流的形成、发展特性以及凹岸路基边坡泥沙运动规律及对路基侵蚀试验成果进行分析,发现凹岸路基的侵蚀主要是由河湾水流对路基边坡的淘刷以及路基的崩塌而引起,并提出了各种抵抗河湾路基侵蚀的防治措施.     

基于可能度的摩托化机动路线选择决策研究

分析了影响摩托化机动路线选择的因素:时效性、安全性和抗断性,指出其中部分因素应用区间数度量,提出运用区间数比较的可能度决策方法进行路线之间的比较,并给出了决策示例。基于可能度的区间数决策理论适用于战时不确定环境下的决策问题。