Driver response to variable message signs: a stated preference investigation

This paper uses a Stated Preference approach to undertake a detailed assessment of the effect on drivers’ route choice of information provided by variable message signs (VMS). Although drivers’ response to VMS information will vary according to the availability of alternative routes and the extent to which they are close substitutes, our findings show that route choice can be strongly influenced by the provision of information about traffic conditions ahead. This has important implications for the use of VMS systems as part of comprehensive traffic management and control systems. The principal findings are that the impact of VMS information depends on: the content of the message, such as the cause of delay and its extent; local circumstances, such as relative journey times in normal conditions; and drivers’ characteristics, such as their age, sex and previous network knowledge. The impact of qualitative indicators, visible queues and delays were examined. It was found that not only is delay time more highly valued than normal travel time, which is to be expected, but that drivers become more sensitive to delay time as delay times increased across the range presented.     

出行方式选择行为的个体时间感知差异性建模分析

采用系统捕捉和随机捕捉两类捕捉形式对出行方式的时间感知差异进行建模分析，以验证出行方式选择中时间认识的个体差异性，为更准确的交通方式划分预测提供模型参考。系统捕捉通过在Logit模型中分别设置性别、收入与出行时间的交叉变量以捕捉性别和收入不同导致时间价值认识的差异；随机捕捉通过假定出行时间参数分别服从正态分布、均匀分布、对数正态分布以及约翰逊分布4种随机分布形式，利用Mixed Logit模型捕捉出行者对时间感知的差异。结果表明：出行方式选择中出行者对时间重要性认识存在差异，男性比女性对时间要求高，高收入者比低收入者对时间估值更高；随机捕捉较系统捕捉更能捕捉到出行时间的感知差异，且约翰逊分布较其他分布对时间感知差异性的模拟更优。     

Introducing alternative fuel vehicles in Hong Kong: views from the public light bus industry

Hong Kong was the first place in the world to implement a trial scheme to convert all public light buses (PLBs) on the road from diesel to alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The scheme, however, did not receive much support from PLB operators. At present, there is a rich literature on households’ demand for AFVs (especially in the USA). However, there have not been many studies about the demand for commercial AFVs in the business and public transport sectors. Since light buses running on alternative fuels are not widely available in the Hong Kong market, a stated preference (SP) survey was conducted to solicit the preferences of PLB operators on eight commercial vehicle attributes and seven forms of government support. The SP data are analyzed by multinomial logit (MNL) models. Detailed analyses on market segmentation and price elasticities follow. The results are of theoretical and practical significance.     

Estimating commuter mode choice: A discrete choice analysis of the impact of road pricing and parking charges

Automobile use leads to external costs associated with emissions, congestion, noise and other impacts. One option for minimizing these costs is to introduce road pricing and parking charges to reduce demand for single occupant vehicle (SOV) use, while providing improvements to alternatives to encourage mode switching. However, the impact of these policies on urban mode choice is uncertain, and results reported from regions where charging has been introduced may not be transferable. In particular, revealed preference data associated with cost recovery tolls on single facilities may not provide a clear picture of driver response to tolls for demand management. To estimate commuter mode choice behaviour in response to such policies, 548 commuters from a Greater Vancouver suburb who presently drive alone to work completed an individually customized discrete choice experiment (DCE) in which they chose between driving alone, carpooling or taking a hypothetical express bus service when choices varied in terms of time and cost attributes. Attribute coefficients identified with the DCE were used in a predictive model to estimate commuter response to various policy oriented combinations of charges and incentives. Model results suggest that increases in drive alone costs will bring about greater reductions in SOV demand than increases in SOV travel time or improvements in the times and costs of alternatives beyond a base level of service. The methods described here provide an effective and efficient way for policy makers to develop an initial assessment of driver reactions to the introduction of pricing policies in their particular regions.     

车内噪声声品质偏好性评价与分析实验研究

运用分组成对比较法对车内噪声样本进行偏好性主观评价实验,并在精确计算评价结果误判率的基础上,对评价结果进行相关分析和多元回归分析,得到回归方程.最后采用频域滤波技术,识别出指定频率段对车内噪声偏好性的影响.     

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对于缅甸的仰光市而言,鉴于其新的快速轨道交通系统对于缓解城市现在以及将来的交通压力方面的作用,本文将依据SP调查数据对其居民出行方式选择行为进行研究。与发达国家相比,由于发展中国家诸如收入等社会经济环境因素变化相对较快,这就要求我们无论在调查方法还是模型构造上都要反映出这种交通行为决定因素的影响。因此,此次SP调查首先在设计就反映出了将来的收入以及其他服务水平属性变化的影响;同时,也相应地进行了RP调查。接下来,要对一个RP/SP相结合的交通方式选择模型进行标定;在这个模型中,出行时间和费用的参数被分别定义为将来收入的函数。此次SP（以及RP）调查选在仰光市的一个住宅区进行,时间是2003年3月。调查结果显示,与其他交通方式相比较,被调查的人对新的快速轨道交通系统显示出了极大的偏爱。利用调查上来的数据,本文对所提出的模型结构的有效性进行了验证。另外,模型对将来的模拟分析结果显示：随着收入的增加,将来仰光市小汽车的使用将有一个很大的增加,而新的快速轨道交通系统的利用将因此减少。     

Ground travel mode choices of air arrivals at regional destinations: The significance of tourism attributes and destination contexts

The aim of this paper is to examine the air leisure arrivals’ ground travel mode choice in the context of their decision to disperse beyond the gateway. A stated choice experiment was designed to examine the dispersal and travel mode choice of leisure visitors arriving on air transport at Cairns. Results show that for a hypothetical public bus alternative, attributes such as ‘sightseeing opportunities’ and ‘driver quality’ were significant for trips made to less known destinations located south of Cairns, compared to destinations north of Cairns. Findings suggest that while travel mode attributes and trip characteristics are significant determinants of the mode choice of air leisure arrivals, the extent of their significance varied markedly across destinations. Although the data examined in this paper were collected in Cairns, this research should be of relevance to many regions interested in understanding the relationship between destination transport and dispersal of air arrivals.     

城市公共客运交通优先方案的评价

大城市客运应该以公共交通方式为主,通常采取公共交通优先方案来保障其实现.本 文针对城市公共客运交通优先问题,提出一套全面评价体系与相应的应用模式/程序,在城市客运交通模式战略选择、城市内区域公共客运交通规划、城市公共汽电车通道交通设计三个层次上,定量化地解决公共交通优先度的评价、选择、以及与其它交通方式权利的均衡间题,成果可应用于大城市确定客运交通战略,并一贯性地部署城市各区域公共客运交通规划和指导具体的公共客运通道交通设计。     

基于时间和能耗权重的密集停车场调度策略

平面密集停车是一项全新的停车方案,利用四向移载设备配合停车托盘来实现密集停车功能. 为研究其调度问题,利用改进最短路径算法求解平面密集停车场内任一车位上车辆出库调度的综合最短路径. 不同客户对时间和费用的偏好不同,电机空载和满载时能耗不同导致调度成本不同,故引入时间权重和能耗权重两项指标建立数学模型. 通过仿真模拟,实验结果验证了模型的可行性. 研究结果表明,建立的车辆调度模型可用于密集停车场的出库调度,在保证车辆调度出库时间合理的基础上节约能源消耗、降低成本,实现了经济环保的目标.本研究对智能平面密集停车场的推广应用做出了一定的贡献.