基于Nested-Logit模型的国际集装箱运输链选择行为研究

以内陆腹地至沿海港口间的国际集装箱公路、铁路运输链为研究对象,在市场调查的基础上,选取港口航线密度、通关便利度、运输时间、运输费用、可靠性作为托运人运输链效用函数的变量,建立Nested-Logit模型。运用义乌市国际集装箱托运人的RP/SP调查数据,标定模型参数,分析托运人的运输链选择偏好,估算各条运输链选择概率的运输时间、运输费用、可靠性的弹性及其边际替代率,并据此提出发展海铁联运的对策建议。研究表明,开通义乌与港口之间的集装箱五定班列并辅以优惠的价格政策,可大幅提升铁路在国际集装箱运输链中的竞争力。     

考虑消费者扶贫偏好的扶贫农产品引入策略研究

虽然我国完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务,但相对贫困的地区依然存在,并且伴随着规模不经济、农户难以融入大市场等问题,建立扶贫品牌可以有效帮助贫困农户增收。因此,本文考虑了消费者的扶贫偏好,对来自贫困地区农产品(扶贫农产品)引入市场后的市场竞争进行探究后发现,(1)扶贫农产品的低价策略不会降低普通农产品的批发价格和零售价格,有利于市场稳定,但引入扶贫农产品总是有从普通农产品的市场中获取销量的趋势,零售商可以通过调整价格策略来增加整体市场覆盖率。(2)固定引入成本与规模不经济现象为扶贫农产品的引入设置了障碍。(3)扶贫偏好型消费者比例对普通农户产生影响,它们的溢价支付意愿对贫困农户产生影响,当这两个参数都达到一定水平时,零售商会主动引入扶贫农产品并采用高价策略。最后给出了立足于政府、企业和农民三个角度的管理学启示,旨在鼓励社会各方积极参与品牌扶贫。     

基于偏好序的高铁票价与售票时间窗联合优化

采用形式灵活且适用性好的偏好序模型刻画旅客购票选择行为,拓展现有高速铁路动态定价与售票控制策略联合优化的研究方法。按照票价变动范围划分客票等级,结合偏好序模型的特点,通过决策各等级客票售票时间窗进行售票控制,同时,在一定范围内优化各客票等级的票价,实现票价与售票控制的联合决策。本文在分析弹性客流的基础上,采用偏好序选择概率、到达率和时间窗长度测算客票销售量。根据运营需要设定客票产品排序,以各客票产品停售时间和票价作为决策变量,建立以期望总收益最大为目标的非线性规划模型,并且将粒子群算法与线性规划精确求解嵌套求解模型。以京沪高铁为背景进行数值实验,结果表明：与固定各等级票价只优化售票时间窗的方案相比,联合优化方案可提升期望总收益约4.54%;不同需求水平下,联合优化方案的期望总收益均高于固定票价方案;期望总收益随着转移购买概率增加而增加,且不同转移概率取值下联合优化方案的期望总收益均高于固定票价方案。所提方案可为高铁列车动态定价和制定售票控制策略提供决策支持。     

Transportation of dangerous goods by road: the Brazilian case for selection of carriers based on a risk management methodology

Abstract

This article applies a methodology for selecting carriers for the transportation of dangerous goods by road, with a special focus on risk management aspects. The methodology makes use of Stated Preference techniques and verifies the most critical risk-related variables influencing decision-making from the shippers' point of view. It embraces the planning and execution stages, an evaluation of the contracted company and a feedback process. The methodology was effectively applied to the case of liquid fuel shippers in the Brazilian middle-west region where it proved possible to identify which dangerous goods road transport company to contract in accordance with the risk management factors selected by the decision makers.     

Route Choice Behaviour of Freeway Travellers Under Real-time Traffic Information Provision – Application of the Best Route and the Habitual Route Choice Mechanisms

Abstract

This paper investigates route choice behaviour on freeways between Taipei and Taichung in Taiwan under the provision of real-time traffic information. Two types of route choice selection rules (the best-route and habitual-route) are analysed using ordered probit models to identify the major influences on freeway travellers’ route choice behaviour. The level of service associated with each route is defined as a generalised cost saving (GCS) and specified non-linearly with a threshold inherent to travellers. The marginal (dis)utility thresholds in the ‘best’ and ‘habitual’ behaviour models are identified through a goodness-of-fit grid. The results confirm that the thresholds for changing the inertia behaviour of drivers should be larger than the ones for choosing the best routes. In addition, the drivers are more likely to choose either the best or the habitual routes once the GCS are greater than the identified threshold values.     

Analyzing the preference for non-exclusive forms of telecommuting: Modeling and policy implications

This study examines three models of the individual's preference for home- and center-based telecommuting. Issues concerning the estimation of discrete models when the alternatives are non-exclusive are discussed. Two binary logit models are presented, one on the preference to telecommute from a center versus not telecommuting from a center (adjusted ² = 0.24), and the other on the preference to telecommute from a center over telecommuting from home (adjusted ² = 0.64). A nested logit model is also estimated on the following four alternatives: preferring not to telecommute, preferring either form of telecommuting, preferring to telecommute from home, and preferring to telecommute from a center (adjusted ² = 0.35).The results of the models illustrated the importance of attitudinal measures in measuring an individual's preference to telecommute. Oblique factor scores representing workplace interaction, stress, workaholism, internal control, and commute stress were statistically significant in some or all of the models. Other explanatory variables which were found to be consistently significant were education, job suitability, and age. Most respondents preferred either to telecommute from home or were indifferent between either form of telecommuting, which raises the question as to whether there really is a sizeable market niche to be filled by telecommuting centers, and hence whether they may make a significant contribution to transportation demand reduction.     

上海典型停车换乘选择行为研究

针对上海6处停车换乘(P+R )点位使用率有高有低的情况,展开P+R用户选择行为调查。初步调查发现出行时间是最重要的影响因素,其次是出行费用。为研究结论普适性,采用网络观测辅以实际行程时间调查的方法,对高峰时段6个换乘点位的典型通勤路径的自驾、P+ R方式的出行成本进行了调查。分析发现,上海P+R设施应分为城区内和城郊设施2种类型;P+ R用户并非全部由自驾出行人员转换而来,也转自于公交+地铁或出租+地铁等其他出行方式人员;其中,自驾出行人员对时间节省最关注,道路通畅时其时间价值要低于交通拥堵时;公共交通出行人员由于出行时间节省而选择P+R;出租+地铁及普通停车换乘用户更关注出行费用;P+R有助于促进多模式交通出行,公交配套不完善地区P+R需求更大。     

基于多属性群决策层次分析的预防性养护措施决策研究

基于高速公路路面预防性养护决策问题的内涵,将多属性多目标的预防性养护决策整体结构划分为目标层、准则层、指标层和措施层4层。综合考虑预防性养护措施的费用、行车特征、技术因素、施工因素等作为目标层的评价值,并用群决策模型决策来减少主观性因素,得出最佳预防性养护决策措施。最后,结合案例来说明如何制定合理的养护措施。     

汽车声品质主客观评价方法研究

阐述了汽车产品开发过程中声品质主观评价方法的不足,介绍了各心理声学参数的应用。以10种类型轿车在不同车速下不同位置座椅处的耳旁噪声为评价对象,对车内噪声品质用成对比较法进行了主观评价试验;分析计算了各噪声样本的主要心理声学客观参数;在精确计算评价结果误判率的基础上,通过相关分析和多元回归分析,建立了匀速车内噪声主观偏好性与心理声学参数间的数学模型。研究结果表明,与轿车匀速车内噪声品质相关的主要心理声学参量根据车速的不同而不尽相同。     

车内噪声声品质偏好性评价与分析实验研究

运用分组成对比较法对车内噪声样本进行偏好性主观评价实验,并在精确计算评价结果误判率的基础上,对评价结果进行相关分析和多元回归分析,得到回归方程.最后采用频域滤波技术,识别出指定频率段对车内噪声偏好性的影响.