一种面向多任务应用的无人水面艇

无人水面艇为海洋开发和航运发展提供了一种在危险情况下代替人工进行作业的安全途径。文章介绍了一种面向多任务应用无人水面艇,在简述无人水面艇结构和主要性能的基础上,进行了一系列应用实验,包括港口监控、水质采样、水文勘察、海事搜救。实验表明该无人水面艇在上述领域具有较好的应用前景。     

嵌入GPS数据的AutoCAD平台在水运工程施工导航中的应用

基于泉州湾深水航道工程的实践,重点介绍自主研发的、在AutoCAD平台中嵌入全球定位系统(GPS)精确数据的水上施工导航软件及相应成图软件的主要用途和功能,该软件结合了AutoCAD强大的操作功能和GPS系统的实时定位信息,可广泛应用于水上测量、施工定位等作业,能够高效快速地实现施工导航定位并绘制成果图。该软件已获国家版权注册。     

航标工程的勘察设计

结合工程实践介绍航标工程中勘察与设计的重要性,以及各设计阶段的工作重点,针对航标工程的性质与特点提出工程勘察设计在资料应用、技术处理、协调配合等方面存在的问题及建议.     

Are young Americans carless across the United States? A spatial analysis

This study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to investigate the most recent correlates of vehicle ownership among young Americans. This study performs a spatial analysis to examine the potentially non-stationary relationships between sociodemographic factors and vehicle ownership. Consistent with previous studies, modeling results from this study showed that young Americans are more likely to be carless than older adults. The spatial analysis answers the research question – in which regions(s) young Americans are even less likely to have a car. The results highlighted the Northeast states for the young American’s extra-lower vehicle ownership if the influences of all other factors are held constant. The cost of living and availability of transportation alternatives are possible reasons. Further, this study built separate models for young adults (25–34 years old) and three older age groups. The vehicle ownership correlates within the young adults are found to be generally consistent with the correlates among all adults. Among young adults, vehicle ownership is still significantly related to their gender, educational attainment, employment status, household characteristics, and travel demand. However, young adults’ vehicle ownership seems to be less sensitive to household income than mid-age adults’ (35–44 years old), perhaps because young people may not perceive financial stress such as child support and mortgage. This study contributes by using a spatial analysis approach to reveal the non-stationary correlates of vehicle ownership. This approach is useful for future travel behavior research and transportation policy considering the spatial heterogeneity.     

北京市地铁乘客安检安全意识调查分析

近年来,国内外地铁安全事故时有发生,地铁安检作为应对安全隐患的有效防范手段,加强其检查力度也成为国内各个地铁安全部门的共识。安检会增加乘客的延误时间,使乘客对地铁安检颇有微词,乘客与安检员发生冲突的事件也屡有发生。为增强乘客的地铁安全意识,改进安检流程,通过问卷调查和统计分析,对北京市地铁乘客进行调查,分析其评价水平及影响因素。结果表明,北京市地铁乘客的平均安全意识得分为74.16分,为中等水平,其中安全行为、安全态度、安全知识三个维度分别处于较高、中等、较低水平。该调查有助于地铁安全部门有针对性地制定地铁安检的宣传方案,提高服务水平,改善安检流程。     

特种装备项目的节能评估方法研究

特种装备的购置及改造项目属于固定资产投资范畴,在审批环节中应进行节能审查。本文以科学考察船为例,基于分析科学考察船与其他类固定资产的不同,阐述了科学考察船建设方案的节能评估、能源消费种类及能耗测算方法,并就评估过程中存在的问题提出了相关建议。     

Modelling users’ behaviour in inter-urban carsharing program: A stated preference approach

In this paper, the effects of a inter-urban carsharing program on users’ mode choice behaviour were investigated and modelled through specification, calibration and validation of different modelling approaches founded on the behavioural paradigm of the random utility theory. To this end, switching models conditional on the usually chosen transport mode, unconditional switching models and holding models were investigated and compared. The aim was threefold: (i) to analyse the feasibility of a inter-urban carsharing program; (ii) to investigate the main determinants of the choice behaviour; (iii) to compare different approaches (switching vs. holding; conditional vs. unconditional); (iv) to investigate different modelling solutions within the random utility framework (homoscedastic, heteroscedastic and cross-correlated closed-form solutions). The set of models was calibrated on a stated preferences survey carried out on users commuting within the metropolitan area of Salerno, in particular with regard to the home-to-work trips from/to Salerno (the capital city of the Salerno province) to/from the three main municipalities belonging to the metropolitan area of Salerno. All of the involved municipalities significantly interact each other, the average trip length is about 30 km a day and all are served by public transport. The proposed carsharing program was a one-way service, working alongside public transport, with the possibility of sharing the same car among different users, with free parking slots and free access to the existent restricted traffic areas. Results indicated that the inter-urban carsharing service may be a substitute of the car transport mode, but also it could be a complementary alternative to the transit system in those time periods in which the service is not guaranteed or efficient. Estimation results highlighted that the conditional switching approach is the most effective one, whereas travel monetary cost, access time to carsharing parking slots, gender, age, trip frequency, car availability and the type of trip (home-based) were the most significant attributes. Elasticity results showed that access time to the parking slots predominantly influences choice probability for bus and carpool users; change in carsharing travel costs mainly affects carpool users; change in travel costs of the usually chosen transport mode mainly affects car and carpool users.     

Improved Urban Inhabitant Travel Demand Model and Its Application

Transport planners often need to forecast the influence of the transport policies on travel demand, e.g., construction of a new transport alternative, changing public transit fares, or imposing road pricing schemes. Stated preference (SP) surveys are frequently adopted by transport planners for the analysis of the impact of transport policies on travel demand. However, evidence suggests that preferences derived from SP surveys are contingent on context, which indicates that trip makers may show asymmetric preferences for different levels of services. The objective of this article is to propose an alternative conceptual framework for travel demand analysis. It is expected that travel behavior may be heterogeneous across trip makers; response (or parameter of) to the level of service is defined as a function of the attributes of the trip makers. It is also aimed to propose some urban transportation policies based on a new type of discrete choice model. In an empirical demonstration, the panel data obtained from commuters in Lanzhou, China, are used, and support is obtained for several predictions on why behavioral intentions are, or are not, implemented.     

浅谈公路线型施工测设及其程序设计

对公路工程线形测设、大地坐标的计算,从公式、思路、算法、程序设计等各方面进行了阐述。     

浅谈勘察设计行业财务风险控制

首先分析了财务风险的本质和财务风险的成因,在此基础上结合勘察设计行业特点提出了财务风险的防范和控制措施。