轿车前梁有限元分析

利用轿车前梁的CATIA模型建立其有限元模型。通过前悬架的ADAMS模型确定前梁的受力。应用这些方法将CAD、CAE有机的结合在一起，提高了有限元分析的效率和准确性。为了检验模型的精确程度，对前梁进行了静态加载试验。结果表明计算和试验结果有很好的一致性。     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

新型纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性

为了研究纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击特性．利用自制的自由落锤抗弯冲击试验装置，测定了不同体积掺率下细直径的腈纶纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维，粗直径的聚丙烯纤维和哑铃形钢纤维增强混凝土梁的抗弯冲击力学性能。试验表明：纤维增强混凝土梁的冲击次数与纤维品种和体积掺率有关；当细直径纤维的体积掺率为0．07％～O．27％时，纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土的1．1～4．5倍和1．1～4．4倍；当粗直径纤维的体积掺率为O．5％～1．4％时，纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂、破坏冲击次数分别为素混凝土梁的2．4～4．6倍和5．2～31．0倍。细纤维增强混凝土梁的初裂冲击性能优于粗纤维增强混凝土梁．粗纤维增强混凝土梁的破坏冲击性能和冲击延性明显优于细纤维增强混凝土梁。     

大直径灌注桩桩侧摩阻力试验研究

根据苏州地区4根大直径桥梁钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力试验结果,给出了该地区主要土层的侧摩阻力及其极限摩阻力建议值。试验表明:相当一部分桩侧土层未能达到极限状态,只有54 5%～78 4%范围内的土层达到极限值;桩底沉渣直接影响桩顶沉降及极限承载力;随着长径比的加大,桩侧摩阻力发挥效率降低。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

基于数据挖掘的城市机动车停车调查分析研究

进行城市机动车停车场规划前需要开展停车场调查,以得到停车场的基本特征参数、机动车进出记录和停车者的停车行为等信息。通过数据挖掘中的一些方法可以在数据库中挖掘出有用的信息。根据机动车进出停车场的记录计算一系列的停车指标,并借助多元统计分析中典型相关分析的方法,分析停车指标与停车场基本特征参数之间的关系。然后利用关联规则挖掘停车问询调查数据中的潜在信息,分析停车者的行为特征,以掌握更多的停车信息。     

某钢管混凝土系杆拱桥静荷载试验

某主跨52m的钢管混凝土系杆拱桥,建成后因外观质量较差而进行了现场实桥承载能力静荷载试验,利用3辆型号相同的集装箱卡车,测试该桥跨中和4分点处的荷载横向分布系数、各控制截面主要测点的应变影响线以及在基本荷载作用下各控制截面主要测点的应变、挠度等。本文简要介绍了该桥的静荷载试验的全过程,并对测试结果进行了整理分析。     

跟驰过程中驾驶员认知结构模型的建立

在道路交通4要素中(人、车、路、环境),人以其主动性和智慧性起着支配作用,是其中的主体要素。基于认知心理学的有关知识,论文采用因子分析法对五轮仪实验系统观测到的车辆跟驰数据进行分析,确定了对车辆跟驰信息提取过程有独立作用的4个因素,相应地将驾驶员认知过程划分为4个阶段,建立了车辆跟驰过程的驾驶员认知结构模型。为驾驶行为研究和车辆跟驰模型的建立提供了理论基础。     

Implementation and application of a stochastic aircraft boarding model

The aircraft turnaround processes is mainly controlled by the ground handling, airport or airline staff, except the aircraft boarding, which is driven by the passengers’ experience and willingness or ability to follow the proposed boarding procedures. The paper uses a prior developed, calibrated, stochastic aircraft boarding model, which is applied to different boarding strategies (chronological order of passenger arrival, hand luggage handling), group constellations and innovative infrastructural changes (Flying Carpet, Side-Slip Seat, Foldable Passenger Seat). In this context, passenger boarding is assumed to be a stochastic, agent-based, forward-directed, one-dimensional and discrete process. The stochastic model covers individual passenger behavior as well as operational constraints and deviations. A comprehensive assessment using one model allows for efficient comparison of current research approaches and innovative operational solutions for efficient passenger boarding.     

Vehicle kilometers traveled reduction impacts of Transit-Oriented Development: Evidence from Shanghai City

The role of residential self-selection has become a major subject in the debate over the relationships between the built environment and travel behavior. Numerous previous empirical studies on this subject have provided valuable insights into the associations between the built environment and travel behavior. However, the vast majority of the studies were conducted in North American and European cities; yet this research is still in its infancy in most developing countries, including China, where residential and transport choices are likely to be more constrained and travel-related attitudes quite different from those in the developed world. Using the data collected from 2038 residents currently living in TOD neighborhoods and non-TOD neighborhoods in Shanghai City, this paper aims to partly fill the gaps by investigating the causal relationship between the built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. More specifically, this paper employs Heckman’s sample selection model to examine the reduction impacts of TOD on personal vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), controlling for self-selection. The results show that whilst the effects of residential self-selection are apparent; the built environment exhibits the most significant impacts on travel behavior, playing the dominant role. These findings produce a sound basis for local policymakers to better understand the nature and magnitude toward the impacts of the built environment on travel behavior. Providing the government department with reassurance that effective interventions and policies on land use aimed toward altering the built environment would actually lead to meaningful changes in travel behavior.