基于多邻域的车辆路径优化迭代局部搜索算法

针对物流配送中的带有容量约束的车辆路径优化问题,提出了一个基于多邻域的迭代局部搜索算法HILS.首先用简单插入法构造可行解,然后从该初始解出发,在多邻域内进行局部优化.当陷入局部最优解后,根据解的接受准则,选择某个解,并对该解进行扰动,然后从扰动后的解出发重新进行局部优化.为提高搜索效率,局部优化过程只在限定邻域内进行.在国际通用的14个benchmark问题上进行仿真实验,结果验证了本文算法HILS的有效性和稳定性,与文献中的其他几种算法的比较结果表明,算法HILS的总体性能更优.     

使用分类和聚类提高搜索引擎的可用性

由于很多Web用户面对搜索引擎搜索出来的成千上万条结果记录没有耐心一页一页地翻找,搜索出来的内容就不能得到有效的利用.自动分类聚类技术将是搜索引擎进一步改善搜索效率的一个很重要的方面.介绍联合使用分类聚类技术来改善搜索结果的表示形式,提高搜索引擎的可用性.     

铁路机车车辆招投标管理信息系统分析

以我国当前铁路机车车辆招投标工作的规定、标准和规范为依据,从招投标职能出发,分析了铁路机车车辆招投标管理信息系统的业务流程和模块功能,阐明了系统的组织结构和实现方法,使得铁路机车车辆招投标管理工作更趋于公平、公正、公开,从而提高铁路机车的投资效益和管理水平,实现对铁路机车车辆招投标业务的辅助管理和决策支持.     

二叉树在自动进路搜索中的应用

通过研究站场形状与二叉树形状的相似性,将站场结构进行约束限定,以二叉树的方法建模,提出了一种高效,方便的自动进路搜索算法.     

基于改进 BiLSTM 网络的地铁车轮磨耗预测模型

针对地铁车轮磨耗数据时间跨度较长引起的长期依赖问题,为了进一步提升预测精度,提出一种将麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA)优化双向长短期记忆网络(bidirectional long short term memory,BiLSTM)的改进 BiLSTM(SSA-BiLSTM)网络模型,用于地铁车轮磨耗预测。首先,利用麻雀搜索算法对双向长短期记忆网络算法的神经元个数、迭代次数、输入批量和学习率等超参数在给定范围内进行寻优,得到参数最优值;然后,以参数最优值来构建改进 BiLSTM 网络模型,对车轮磨耗进行预测分析;最后,以车轮踏面磨耗和轮缘磨耗作为研究对象,将某地铁 1 车厢 1 号车轮的现场实测历史磨耗数据作为输入,对该模型进行训练及验证分析,并与多层感知机(multilayer perceptron,MLP)、LSTM、BiLSTM 以及 SSA-LSTM 模型的预测结果进行对比。研究结果表明：SSA-Bi-LSTM 模型的车轮磨耗预测精度更高,与 LSTM、BiLSTM 以及 SSA-LSTM 网络模型相比,踏面磨耗的平均绝对百分误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)分别降低了 13.28%、10.32%、1.47%,轮缘磨耗分别降低了 9.5%、0.46%、0.02%;分别对同一地铁 2 号、4 号车厢的 1 号位置车轮磨耗进行预测,并与磨耗实测数据进行对比,踏面磨耗的平均绝对百分比误差分别为 1.34%、1.42%,轮缘磨耗的平均绝对百分比误差分别为 0.18%、0.19%,验证了本文所提模型具有良好的泛化性,为地铁轮对智能化管理提供理论支持,延长车轮使用寿命。     

岩-土复合地层暗挖隧道施工引起地表沉降计算方法

考虑岩层与土层2种介质力学性质的差异性,基于随机介质理论,建立双层介质计算模型,推导岩-土复合地层暗挖隧道施工引起地表沉降分步计算公式;明确椭圆形隧道断面不均匀收敛区域积分的上下限;计算岩-土分界面的沉降曲线,将曲线与岩-土分界面所围成的区域视为"不等厚开挖",确定该区域积分的上下限,并给出岩、土层中主要影响角及断面收缩半径的计算方法。以贵阳地铁2号线诚-观区间暗挖隧道为工程背景,对比分析分层计算值、不分层计算值与现场实测值之间的吻合度。结果表明:将隧道上覆地层划分为岩层和土层2部分的计算值与实测值较为吻合,其最大沉降值相对误差在10%以内;地表沉降曲线沿隧道中心线对称分布,且中心线处沉降值最大。     

A distributed VNS algorithm for optimizing dial-a-ride problems in large-scale scenarios

These days, transportation and logistic problems in large cities are demanding smarter transportation services that provide flexibility and adaptability. A possible solution to this arising problem is to compute the best routes for each new scenario. In this problem, known in the literature as the dial-a-ride problem, a number of passengers are transported between pickup and delivery locations trying to minimize the routing costs while respecting a set of prespecified constraints. This problem has been solved in the literature with several approaches from small to medium sized problems. However, few efforts have dealt with large scale problems very common in massive scenarios (big cities or highly-populated regions). In this study, a new distributed algorithm based on the partition of the requests space and the combination of the routes is presented and tested on a set of 24 different scenarios of a large-scale problem (up to 16,000 requests or 32,000 locations) in the city of San Francisco. The results show that, not only the distributed algorithm is able to solve large problem instances that the corresponding sequential algorithm is unable to solve in a reasonable time, but also to have an average improvement of 9% in the smaller problems. The results have been validated by means of statistical procedures proving that the distributed algorithm can be an effective way to solve high dimensional dial-a-ride problems.     

Adapting the shipping sector to stricter emissions regulations: Fuel switching or installing a scrubber?

This paper examines how the existing fleet in the shipping industry can be adapted to the new emission regulations through the two main techniques that currently exist: (a) the use of low-sulphur marine diesels; and (b) the installation of scrubbers. A method is presented here for drawing up an economic assessment of both these techniques under uncertainty. It enables the best option to be selected at any given time taking into account fuel prices (spot and futures), scrubber installation costs, the time that the vessel operates in an Emission Control Area (ECA) and the remaining useful lifetime of the vessel. The paper also considers the possibility of an unexpected change from a non-ECA navigation area to an ECA. The assessment is carried out in a manner consistent with marine diesel and crude oil spot and futures market quotes. Our results show the net present value of investing in the installation of scrubbers and investing in changing fuel types for different assumptions on how vessels are operated. We also analyse increases in fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions as a consequence of using scrubbers and how they affects the financial analysis if such incremental emissions must be paid under a CO₂ pricing mechanism.     

现状车载下旧桥承载力评定和可靠度有限元分析

采用三维体元,进行4座旧桥现状车载(大于设计车载的2 5倍)下的有限元分析,对其承载力进行评定。结果表明,4座旧桥中有1座桥必须拆除,2座桥需要适当加固,1座桥不需要加固。用随机有限元计算旧桥在现状车载下的剩余可靠度结果表明,精确的分析模型能挖掘桥梁的承载潜力。用PSAP计算可靠度指标的灵敏度发现,可靠度指标对混凝土弹性模量比活载更敏感。     

铁道车辆轮重测定仪检定装置的研制

为满足铁路货场铁路车辆轮重测定仪的现场检测与维修工作,研制了体积小、重量轻、结构简单的LJ-B型铁路车辆轮重测定仪检定装置。从研制目标、系统结构与原理、研制方案和技术难点及实际运用情况等方面,详细介绍LJ-B型铁路车辆轮重测定仪检定装置。