A suppressed demand analysis method of the transportation disadvantaged in policy making

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for estimating transportation supply requirements when the suppressed demand of the transportation disadvantaged (TD) can be calculated and added to existing demand for travel. The underlying assumption is that the travel conditions of these TD groups must be equal to the ‘conventional’ demand, known as ‘full release’. Utilising the modelling approach for TD, suppressed demand analysis, diagnosis of difficulties and equity between conventional and disadvantaged groups were realised, while elaborating special cases for the most vulnerable TD groups (such as elderly and disabled persons) and simultaneously identifying areas of difficulty. From the early virtual results, it is concluded that, for the full release of suppressed trips (only a 5% increase), policy makers must be ready to face some financial burdens, requiring coordination of effort to both standardise these TD groups and reduce the costs incurred by operators.     

A solution algorithm for a dynamic deterministic user equilibrium assignment model with departure time choice

Abstract

A route-based combined model of dynamic deterministic route and departure time choice and a solution method for many origin and destination pairs is proposed. The divided linear travel time model is used to calculate the link travel time and to describe the propagation of flow over time. For the calculation of route travel times, the predictive ideal route travel time concept is adopted. Solving the combined model of dynamic deterministic route and departure time choice is shown to be equivalent to solving simultaneously a system of non-linear equations. A Newton-type iterative scheme is proposed to solve this problem. The performance of the proposed solution method is demonstrated using a version of the Sioux Falls network. This shows that the proposed solution method produces good equilibrium solutions with reasonable computational cost.     

Motorcycle-based adolescents’ travel behaviour during the school morning commute and the effect of intra-household interaction on departure time and mode choice

We hypothesise that intra-household interaction influences home departure time and mode choice for the morning commute. In Indonesia, over 71% of vehicles on the road are motorcycles. This fact increases the significance of household interaction in influencing transport mode choice since the simplicity of the motorcycle allows a great degree of versatility in regard to multiple family member transport. To emphasise this point, our study focuses on the unique travel behaviour of adolescents during the school morning commute which, due to the use of the motorcycle, is a combination of the travel behaviour of accompanied children and escorting adults. Our study discovers that adolescents are likely to shift their school arrival time very early or close to the designated starting time in relation to motorcycle-based parental escort to school. In regard to mode choice, adolescent students prefer to be escorted by motorcycle rather than take public transport.     

The role of light duty vehicles in future air pollution: a case study of Sacramento

Abstract

On-road light-duty vehicles (LDVs) play an important role in contributing to urban air pollution. Although vehicles are getting cleaner, regional growth in vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled would somewhat offset California's efforts in transportation pollution reduction. To better understand the role of LDVs in future air pollution, we conduct a case study for Sacramento, California, and investigate future trends in urban air pollution attributable to the light-duty fleet. Results indicate that ambient concentrations of CO, NO _x , and total organic gases (TOGs) caused by future light-duty fleets would dramatically decrease over coming years. The resulting concentrations in 2030 might be as low as approximately 20% of the 2005 concentrations. These reflect the improvements in vehicle/fuel technologies and standards in California. However, the future particulate matter (PM₁₀) pollution could be slightly worse than that caused by the 2005 fleet. This is a result of the growing fleet-average emission factors of particulates from 2005 to 2030. For purposes of future particulate control, more attention needs to be paid to LDVs, besides heavy-duty vehicles.     

Investigating the effect of travel time variability on drivers' route choice decisions in Shanghai,China

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of travel time variability on drivers' route choice behavior in the context of Shanghai, China. A stated preference survey is conducted to collect drivers' hypothetical choice between two alternative routes with designated unequal travel time and travel time variability. A binary choice model is developed to quantify trade-offs between travel time and travel time variability across various types of drivers. In the model, travel time and travel time variability are, respectively, measured by expectation and standard deviation of random travel time. The model shows that travel time and travel time variability on a route exert similarly negative effects on drivers' route choice behavior. In particular, it is found that middle-age drivers are more sensitive to travel time variability and less likely to choose a route with travel time uncertainty than younger and elder drivers. In addition, it is shown that taxi drivers are more sensitive to travel time and more inclined to choose a route with less travel time. Drivers with rich driving experience are less likely to choose a route with travel time uncertainty.     

基于出行特征的用地类型推断方法研究

提出一种基于卷积神经网络推测城市交通小区内用地特征的算法,同时对交通小区内多种用地类型进行预测.选用公共交通出行数据集和网约车出行数据集,融合多种出行方式的出行特征对交通小区内用地特征刻画.提取交通小区内发生强度,吸引强度和产吸差强度3个指标作为模型输入,训练得到基于区域内出行特征双通道的卷积神经网络模型,采用网格寻优方法确定最优网络结构.选取北京市六环内交通小区作为研究对象,结果表明,本文算法能够同时推断交通小区内居住、工作和休闲用地特征,并获得各用地类型在小区内占比分布.     

城市与城镇居民出行特征比较分析

通过河北省中心城区和县城的城市布局、居民出行特征分析比较,得出在不同空间尺度下居民出行特征规律.为城市在未来城乡一体化交通规划以及其他基础设施配套方面提供数据参考,同时指明新型城镇化下县城的努力方向;为实现城镇一体化提供交通分析参考.     

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行程时间的不确定性是影响货运车队路径选择的一个重要因素，特别是对于要求货物准时送达的配送任务（例如商品混凝土的配送），提出了在车辆调度中考虑由拥挤路段交通流量波动引起的行程时间不确定性的方法，建立了考虑行程时间可靠性要求的车辆优化调度数学模型，给出了相应的启发式算法，通过算例介绍了该模型和算法的应用。结果表明配送总成本随行程时间可靠性要求的提高而增加。     

航空运输的旅行成本研究

为了提高航空运输产品的竞争力，需要加强对市场需求的分析，特别是要注重研究旅客对出行方式的选择行为。提出了旅行成本模型用以定量描述旅客的选择行为，并对京沪、成渝两条典型航线上不同出行方式的旅行成本进行了对比研究，最后对降低航空运输旅行成本的方法进行了简要探讨。     

内燃机连杆强度可靠性分析

本文在随机有限元法分析连杆应力基础上，采用改进的一阶二次矩法，对型号炎ＳＬ４１００的船用柴油机连杆进行了可靠性分析。分析结果对提高连杆可靠性有重要价值。