波浪补偿技术现状和发展趋势

波浪补偿系统是一种通过主动或被动技术,对由于波浪运动引起的工作母船或者海洋平台上作业设备的不规则运动进行补偿的系统。其广泛应用于海上货物转运、油气田开采、深海采矿、潜器吊放回收等作业领域。本文介绍波浪补偿系统的组成及工作原理,国内外波浪补偿系统的应用、技术研究以及发展现状,并对波浪补偿系统技术的发展趋势进行分析。     

某型舰船水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下结构动态响应数值仿真研究

为保证舰船安全性,提高舰船生命力,舰船在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下动态响应,是船舶结构动力学研究的重要课题之一。采用MSC.DYTRAN有限元程序,运用数值仿真技术研究了某型水面舰船在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应。分别从结构变形损伤、应力应变响应、变形能吸收和冲击环境等几个方面研究了舰船结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的响应特性。     

Dissipation of stop-and-go waves via control of autonomous vehicles: Field experiments

Traffic waves are phenomena that emerge when the vehicular density exceeds a critical threshold. Considering the presence of increasingly automated vehicles in the traffic stream, a number of research activities have focused on the influence of automated vehicles on the bulk traffic flow. In the present article, we demonstrate experimentally that intelligent control of an autonomous vehicle is able to dampen stop-and-go waves that can arise even in the absence of geometric or lane changing triggers. Precisely, our experiments on a circular track with more than 20 vehicles show that traffic waves emerge consistently, and that they can be dampened by controlling the velocity of a single vehicle in the flow. We compare metrics for velocity, braking events, and fuel economy across experiments. These experimental findings suggest a paradigm shift in traffic management: flow control will be possible via a few mobile actuators (less than 5%) long before a majority of vehicles have autonomous capabilities.     

On nonlinear ship waves and wave resistance calculations

A finite difference method based on the Euler equations is developed for computing ship waves and wave resistances. Time marching is carried out using a time-splitting fractional-step method. The second-order central difference is used to discretize the spatial differentials, while the convection terms are discretized by the QUICK scheme. A body- and free-surface-fitted grid system with a cell-centered stencil is used. A Poisson equation for the pressure increment at each time step is solved to enforce mass conservation. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for a Wigley parabolic hull. The characteristics of ship waves, such as the wave profile along the hull, the wave pattern on the free surface, the pressure distribution on the hull surface, and the wave-making resistance are reasonably predicted. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Received for publication on Oct. 13, 1998; accepted on Jan. 20, 1999     

高速磁浮单线隧道车体压力载荷特征

高速磁浮列车通过隧道过程中将引起剧烈的压力波动,造成司乘人员耳感舒适性、车体及其零部件、隧道衬砌及辅助设施的气动疲劳寿命问题,有必要对磁浮列车高速通过隧道时压力波效应进行研究。采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型和广义黎曼变量特征线法对单列车通过隧道时车体压力载荷进行数值模拟研究,初步揭示隧道长度、列车速度、阻塞比对车外压力波的影响规律;得出时速500~600 km/h速度下基于最大正负值和最大压力峰峰值的最不利隧道长度;论证了列车通过隧道产生的压力波幅值与列车速度平方成正比的适用范围,总结了压力最值与速度的拟合关系式。本文研究方法和结果可为车体设计选用气动载荷提供参考依据。     

谐波对电梯相序继电器的影响与治理

以武汉地铁二七路主变电所供电范围内电梯的不正常运行情况为例,根据对电力系统各级电压电流的检测及电梯相序继电保护器动作条件的分析,确定谐波为导致相序继电保护器动作的原因,分析谐波源并提出了采用电容补偿器以抑制谐波的短期措施,取得了一定效果。二七路主变电所改造后,验证了电压畸变的程度取决于整流装置容量与电网容量的相对比值,改造后容量扩增大大提高了系统的可靠性和稳定性。     

下穿居民区浅埋隧道减震爆破技术

以厦门环岛干道白城隧道为例,介绍复杂环境条件下浅埋软岩隧道减震爆破施工方法。爆破开挖中,通过在掏槽眼部位布置空孔、在周边眼部位布置减震孔的措施,并通过采用不偶合间隔装药、毫秒延时爆破、实时地震波监测等措施,实现了隧道周边围岩的稳定和隧道地表不同结构房屋的安全。     

用超声瑞利波研究延性启裂

利用超声瑞科波和 GB2038-80对16Mn 钢进行了延性断裂韧性试验.结果表明,将超声瑞利波探测裂纹的强度法和时延法结合起来,采用脉冲回波重合法,确定的启裂韧性 J_(Ic)更能反映真实情况.同时,根据试验过程超声瑞利波行为的变化特征,还可提供有关裂尖区的屈服状态和裂尖钝化扩展机制的信息.     

疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da)/(dN)的超声瑞利波测量

本文应用超声瑞利波在含有裂纹的试件内传播性质的变化特征,采用脉冲回波重合法,精确测定裂纹开口处和裂纹尖端处瑞利波两个脉冲反射信号的时延,从而测定出在疲劳载荷作用下,裂纹的扩展尺寸.测量疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN的精度可达到10~(-3)mm/周次,适应于在弹塑性区域内疲劳裂纹扩展速率的测定.     

Nonlinear effects from wave-induced maximum vertical bending moment on a flexible ultra-large containership model in severe head and oblique seas

Vertical bending moment (VBM) is of crucial importance in ensuring the survival of vessels in rough seas. With regard to conventional vessels, wave-induced maximum VBM is normally considered to be experienced in head seas. It is conservative to determine the extreme VBM based on either numerical simulations or model tests in long-crested head seas. Extensive model tests have been conducted in head seas with focus on the nonlinear vertical responses in severe seas, and the measured results were compared with numerical calculations for validation. Unexpected phenomena, however, were observed during the model tests of an ultra-large containership. The maximum sagging and hogging VBMs were encountered in oblique seas. Furthermore, the significant wave height used in oblique seas was even smaller than that used in head seas. The nonlinear vertical load effects in oblique seas require further investigations for this particular vessel. Limited experimental results in oblique seas have been reported, in which the lateral responses were always more concerned than the vertical responses. Up to now, rare systematic comparisons of the nonlinear vertical responses between head and oblique seas have been published, especially when the hydroelastic effects are also accounted for. A 13000-TEU ultra-large containership model, which was designed by Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI), has been tested in the towing tank and the ocean basin at the Marintek center in Trondheim. The experimental results in regular waves are first compared between head and oblique seas. The statistical characteristics of the VBM amidships under nineteen irregular wave conditions are then investigated. Next, the extreme hogging and sagging VBMs are compared under different wave conditions with focus on the extreme hogging VBMs. At the end of the paper, the uncertainties in the experiments are discussed.