船舶参数激励非线性随机横摇运动分析

研究了随机纵浪中船舶的参数激励横摇运动。将船舶初稳性高作为时变的随机参数激励,应用随机平均法和FPK方程,分析了船舶的参数激励横摇运动微分方程。考虑航速、船舶瞬时湿表面积及随机波浪,建立了船舶横摇幅值概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值的计算方法。以某渔政船为例,计算了不同航速时船舶随机横摇幅值的概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值。结果表明,参数激励谱峰频率为横摇固有频率的2倍时,发生主参数共振,船舶横摇严重,船舶倾覆发生的概率增加。     

CFD simulation of 3-dimensional motion of a ship in waves: application to an advancing ship in regular heading waves

A new computational fluid dynamics simulation method has been developed for the unsteady motion of a ship advancing in waves. The objective is to evaluate the added resistance and predict the performance of a ship in waves. In this study, a finite volume method, in the framework of a boundary-fitted grid system, is employed. The motion of the ship is solved with six degrees of freedom by using the hydrodynamic forces and moments obtained from the solution of the simulation method. The marker–density–function method is employed to calculate the nonlinear free surface. This method is applied to the coupled motion problem of heaving and pitching. Received for publication on Nov. 15, 1999; accepted on Nov. 18, 1999     

水下航行器内孤立波载荷形成机理数值模拟研究

弄清水下航行器内孤立波载荷形成机理是分析内孤立波对航行性能影响和控制研究的基础和前提.采用数值模拟方法深入分析模型位于内孤立波波面上方、穿越波面、位于波面下方3种情形下,模型受内孤立波流场水动力作用和分层密度差静力作用过程,对比不同潜深时纵向力、垂向力和俯仰力矩特性差异.研究表明,穿越波面的情况下,模型所处的流体密度变...     

Asymmetry of Columbia River tidal plume fronts

Columbia River tidal plume dynamics can be explained in terms of two asymmetries related to plume-front depth and internal wave generation. These asymmetries may be an important factor contributing to the observed greater primary productivity and phytoplankton standing crop on the Washington shelf. The tidal plume (the most recent ebb outflow from the estuary) is initially supercritical with respect to the frontal internal Froude number F_R on strong ebbs. It is separated from the rotating plume bulge by a front, whose properties are very different under upwelling vs. downwelling conditions. Under summer upwelling conditions, tidal plume fronts are sharp and narrow (< 20–50 m wide) on their upwind or northern side and mark a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow for up to 12 h after high water. Such sharp fronts are a source of turbulent mixing, despite the strong stratification. Because the tidal plume may overlie newly upwelled waters, these fronts can mix nutrients into the plume. Symmetry would suggest that there should be a sharp front south of the estuary mouth under summer downwelling conditions. Instead, the downwelling tidal plume front is usually diffuse on its upstream side. Mixing is weaker, and the water masses immediately below are low in nutrients. There is also an upwelling–downwelling asymmetry in internal wave generation. During upwelling and weak wind conditions, plume fronts often generate trains of non-linear internal waves as they transition from a supercritical to a subcritical state. Under downwelling conditions, internal wave release is less common and the waves are less energetic. Furthermore, regardless of wind conditions, solition formation almost always begins on the south side of the plume so that the front “unzips” from south to north. This distinction is important, because these internal waves contribute to vertical mixing in the plume bulge and transport low-salinity water across the tidal plume into the plume bulge.F_R and plume depth are key parameters in distinguishing the upwelling and downwelling situations, and these two asymmetries can be explained in terms of potential vorticity conservation. The divergence of the tidal outflow after it leaves the estuary embeds relative vorticity in the emerging tidal plume water mass. This vorticity controls the transition of the tidal plume front to a subcritical state and consequently the timing and location of internal wave generation by plume fronts.     

Wave energy assessments in the Black Sea

The present work aims to evaluate the wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin. The study is focused on the western part of the sea, which is traditionally considered as being more energetic. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the Black Sea. This was based on the simulating waves near-shore model, which is used for both wave generation and near-shore transformation. This methodology has the advantage that a single model covers the full scale of the modelling process. Various tests were performed considering data measured at three different locations. Special attention was paid to the whitecapping process, which is still widely considered to be the weak link in deep water wave modelling. Comparisons carried out against measured data show that the wave prediction system generally provides reliable results, especially in terms of significant wave heights and mean periods. By increasing the resolution in geographical space, the field distributions of wave energy were analysed for both high and average wave conditions. The analysis and the wave prediction system developed are a prerequisite for further investigations extended in time and with increased resolution in the near-shore direction.     

船模规则波自航试验方法

阐述了船模规则波自航试验的方法、规则波中自航因子频率响应曲线的数据整理和表达方法、不规则波中收到功率的谱分析统计预报方法,并给出了不规则波中船舶的失速预报方法。     

双层开孔消浪板结构消能性能分析

双层开孔消浪板是一种新型消能结构,其结构通过上层开孔板和下层实心板两部分来解决结构的消能问题．文中通过模型试验的方法来验证结构的消能性能,同时,对双层开孔消浪板结构在规则波作用下的消能系数随3个主要影响因子（相对板宽B／L,相对开孔A／A0,波陡H／L）变化的结果进行分析．通过分析和比较消能系数与影响因子之间的相互关系,证明双层开孔消浪板结构具有较好的消能效果．     

斜坡堤越浪量试验研究

研究斜坡堤的越浪量对于防波堤的设计有重要意义。通过波浪断面物理模型试验的方法,研究了波高、波陡和堤顶超高的变化对斜坡堤越浪量的影响规律,比较了4种不同护面形式的消浪效果。试验结果显示:斜坡堤越浪量随着有效波高的减小和波陡的增大而减少;斜坡堤越浪量随着堤顶超高的增大,成指数形式递减;护面形式对斜坡堤越浪量有一定影响,扭王字块和栅栏板的消浪效果差别不大,且均优于四角空心方块。将物模试验值与现有斜坡堤越浪量公式计算值进行对比,推荐了陈国平公式作为计算斜坡堤越浪量的公式。     

直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷特性数值模拟

以三类内孤立波理论(KdV、eKdV和MCC)的适用性条件为依据,将内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度作为入口条件,采用Navier-Stokes方程为流场控制方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波对直立圆柱体强非线性作用的数值模拟方法.结果表明,数值模拟所得内孤立波波形及其振幅与相应理论和实验结果一致,并且直立圆柱体内孤立波水平力、垂向力及其力矩数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合.直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,其中摩擦力很小,可以忽略;对于水平力,其波浪压差力与粘性压差力量级相当,流体粘性的影响显著;对于垂向力,粘性压差力很小,流体粘性影响可以忽略.此外,直立圆柱体对内孤立波的波形及其诱导流场的影响很小,因此采用Morison公式和傅汝德—克雷洛夫力分别计算其内孤立波水平力和垂向力是可行的.     

舰船液压起重机波浪补偿消摆控制技术研究

舰船上的液压起重机工作在动态颠簸过程中,很容易受到波浪的影响造成摇摆。为此提出一种小区域分区进化算法来解决舰船液压起重机波浪补偿消摆控制问题。在控制算法中引入排挤因子,利用控制数据中的相互约束作用形成小的控制单元,以此来提高收敛的速度,维持控制过程的快速性,保证控制精度。实验表明,这种方法能够有效解决舰船液压起重机波浪补偿消摆控制问题,保证了船舶机械自动控制的准确性。