天然气发动机氧传感器故障模拟试验

在自行搭建的发动机试验台架上,以台架试验与排放分析法为基础,以NI采集卡、前端信号处理电路、信号丢失控制电路与信号异常控制电路等为硬件,以LabVIEW软件为技术支持设计了天然气发动机氧传感器故障模拟系统,分析了天然气发动机氧传感器故障对发动机动力性、经济性以及各项排放指标的影响.试验结果表明:当转速为2 500 r·min-1,节气门开度为25％,模拟信号电压低于0.5V时,过量空气系数变小,混合气变浓,转矩与正常值相比变化不大,CO排放上升,HC排放略有升高,但变化不大,NOx排放下降;当模拟信号电压高于0.5V时,过量空气系数变大,混合气变稀,转矩下降较大,CO排放下降,并低于正常值,HC排放上升,NOx排放基本为0.     

高铁CRTSⅡ型轨道板生产线预应力损失测试

CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板的质量是高铁安全运行的重要保证,对施工中预应力张拉的有效控制是保证轨道板施工质量的关键。结合CRTSII型无砟轨道板生产线具体结构形式及预应力损失机理,设计了预应力损失现场测试方案和预应力损失计算方法。实测结果表明CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板生产线预应力损失不能忽略,应引起重视。     

城市道路交通噪声污染经济损失及评估

文章应用市场估值法、享乐价格法和意愿调查价值评估法对城市道路交通噪声经济损失的货币化进行分析,并以北京市为例,计算评估了城市道路交通噪声带来的经济损失。     

采空区地层变形产生的隧道附加荷载及变形容许值计算与分析

文章分别计算了采空区上方地层弯曲时对隧道产生的附加荷载q1、q2及地层水平应变时对隧道产生的附加荷载qH,并推导出了采空区地层容许弯曲变形和水平应变数值.结果表明,现行交通部《采空区公路设计与施工技术细则》规定的采空区地基容许变形值较为笼统且偏大,结构偏于不安全.最后,文章根据计算结果对比,对不同围岩级别提出了更严格、更安全、更有针对性和可操作性的隧道对采空区地层变形限制要求,以供广大隧道工作者参考使用.     

多腔穿孔型宽频消声器声学特性的理论计算与优化

多腔穿孔型消声器可衰减涡轮增压发动机进气系统工作时产生的宽频噪声。本文根据将多腔消声器视为若干单腔消声元件串联而成的思路,结合单腔穿孔声阻抗模型,提出多腔消声器的声学计算方法,并以某多腔穿孔消声器为例,预测其传递损失。实验验证表明该计算方法在计算传递损失方面具有较高的精度。然后在此基础上,设定优化目标,选定3种不同优化变量的组合模式,采用非线性最小二乘法进行优化。结果表明,不同优化模式均可满足目标要求,可灵活地确定符合工程实际的最佳方案。所提出的方法可为增压发动机进气系统声学设计提供理论支撑和应用指导。     

浅谈降低低噪声电站功率损耗的措施

介绍了几种降低低噪声电站功率损耗的措施,以使电站输出功率最大化。     

发动机进气系统噪声优化设计（续1）

为探讨进气系统对整车NVH性能的贡献度,文章通过管道声学理论在内燃机进气系统上的应用研究,实现了进气系统开发及噪声优化设计工作。以某2.4 L自然吸气车型的进气系统开发项目为研究案例,结合四负载法,对进气系统声源特性进行提取;整合整车消声室测试方法,通过加装空气滤清器、赫姆霍兹消声器及1/4波长管等抗性消声元件解决了进气系统噪声问题;通过试验,验证了四负载法结合声阻抗性消声元件设计优化方法的有效性。     

多阶底部上的垂直可渗透结构斜海洋波的阻尼研究(英文)

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered: first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting of p vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second case, i.e., when the wall is absent. The significant difference between the two cases considered here is that the reflection due to a thin porous structure is very high when the solid wall exists as compared to the case when no wall is present. Energy loss due to different porosity, friction factor, structure width and angle of incidence is also examined. Validity of our model is ascertained by matching it with an available one.     

S形矩形波导的弯曲损耗计算

通过改进的有效折射率法求解S形矩形波导的弯曲损耗,并在此基础上给出了波导的弯曲损耗系数与波导的横截面的宽度与高度的对应关系,并且对幂函数、正弦、余弦3种函数的S形弯曲波导的损耗进行了对比研究.结果表明,当波导尺寸相同时,余弦函数的S形波导的损耗比正弦、幂函数都小;当波导长度L增大到500μm时,余弦函数的弯曲损耗减小到接近0,所以在S形弯曲波导的路径设计中应选择余弦形函数.这对集成光学中光路的设计有一定的指导意义.