高寒地区平屋顶保温层厚度反演

建筑节能的发展和新型保温材料的使用中,合理的设计墙体及屋顶保温层的厚度,日益成为目前建筑节能的重要问题.将高寒地区平屋顶保温层厚度设计问题抽象为热传导方程几何边界反问题,通过不断地数值模拟,分析比较结果,得出保温层(文中为加气混凝土层)厚度为250 mm~300 mm时,屋顶内表面的温度变化值落在16℃~24℃之间,此时的保温层厚度为所求得最佳保温层厚度.     

钢轨扣件减振橡胶阻尼耗能特性分析

为了掌握钢轨扣件减振橡胶中阻尼的分布及其随振幅和频率的变化规律,对减振橡胶元件受压和受剪两种扣件进行了试验研究。建立钢轨扣件减振橡胶非线性弹性力和混合阻尼叠加的动力学模型,完成模型参数识别及结果检验。根据所建立的动力学模型计算各试验工况下的弹性变形能、阻尼耗能和结构损耗因子。分析发现:压缩和剪切两种扣件减振橡胶的阻尼参数随振幅和频率的变化规律相似,弹性变形能、阻尼耗能和结构损耗因子均随振幅的增大而显著增大,而受频率的影响较小。相同工况下,压缩型扣件减振橡胶的结构损耗因子远大于剪切型扣件,说明压缩型扣件在发挥减振功能时,其耗能特性优于剪切型扣件,而隔振特性劣于剪切型扣件。因此,在钢轨扣件创新设计时,可以通过控制减振橡胶压-剪组合变形,来实现扣件隔振和衰减振动能量两功能的均衡发挥,将结构损耗因子作为设计过程中的控制指标。     

桩板结构中跨部分板的设计解析计算方法研究

研究目的:桩板结构是一种新型的轨下基础结构型式,目前国内外均没有对应的设计规范,理论研究严重滞后于工程实践.本文针对桩板结构中跨部分,板两端固定情形,基于弹性理论和合理假定,建立板的受力及变形微分方程,推导了桩板结构中跨部分板的设计解析计算方法.研究结论:推导出的解析计算方法计算过程简单、明确,容易为工程设计人员所掌握,且计算参数都是工程设计常用参数、容易获取,有较好的普适性.采用文中的计算方法既可以分析桩板中板的挠曲变形及受力情况,又能求得作用在桩顶的荷载大小;计算结果能够反映桩板荷载分担与传递的一般力学性状规律,同时可为桩板结构理论研究和工程设计提供理论指导.     

地震勘探反问题的差分算子法

本文针对地震勘探中的一维波动方程反问题的数值解法,给出了一个算子方程T(P)=F,较详细讨论了算子T的性质,同时给出了解上述方程的方法和算例。     

分布式网络控制系统的输出反馈控制

建立了同时具有前向通道传输时延和反馈通道传输时延的线性分布式网络控制系统的数学模型.用该数学模型将系统变换为具有状态与控制时变时滞的线性时滞系统.基于代数Riccati方程方法,提出了H∞鲁棒输出反馈控制方法,以使系统闭环控制稳定.仿真算例结果表明,在t=2.5 s时,系统状态都达到了0,保证了系统具有较快的零状态响应速度.给出了这类系统的H∞鲁棒输出反馈控制器的综合设计示例.     

Structural Evaluation for Maputo Airport Pavement

Introduction Structural evaluation of pavements provides awealth of information that concerns the expected be-havior of pavements[1]. Different asphalt pavementdesign and evaluation methods are described inRefs.[2-9]. Refs.[2-5,9,10] use two design meth-o…     

城市人行天桥美学造型简析

主要阐述城市人行天桥的造型与景观的关系,城市人行天桥造型中的城市美学以及对人行天桥美学设计的认识,提出从造型与景观角度塑造城市人行天桥的观点.对城市建设有一定的应用价值.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

Quasi steady-state aerodynamic model development for race vehicle simulations

Presented in this paper is a procedure to develop a high fidelity quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for use in race car vehicle dynamic simulations. Developed to fit quasi steady-state wind tunnel data, the aerodynamic model is regressed against three independent variables: front ground clearance, rear ride height, and yaw angle. An initial dual range model is presented and then further refined to reduce the model complexity while maintaining a high level of predictive accuracy. The model complexity reduction decreases the required amount of wind tunnel data thereby reducing wind tunnel testing time and cost. The quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for the pitch moment degree of freedom is systematically developed in this paper. This same procedure can be extended to the other five aerodynamic degrees of freedom to develop a complete six degree of freedom quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for any vehicle.     

基于ADINA的水润滑轴承结构改进研究

应用有限元软件ADINA分别建立了传统水润滑橡胶轴承及其改进结构的CFD和FSI模型,分析比较水流轴向流速、轴的周向转速等参数对轴瓦变形和水膜压力分布的影响规律。计算结果表明：本文提出的轴承改进结构承载力较传统的水润滑轴承提高20%。具有较好的工程应用前景。