山区公路交通流随机干扰基本模型研究

山区公路因而受线形、纵坡和路面状况等因素的影响,其事故率高于其他公路。随机干扰因素作为山区公路事故发生的重要因素,一直是山区公路使用者的困扰,也是交通管理部门进行交通安全管理的难点。常规交通流模型大多不太适用于山区公路,为了研究适用于山区公路交通安全管理的交通流随机干扰模型,分析研究了山区公路交通流随机干扰交通特性,利用交通流宏观分析的欧拉方程方法以及拉格朗日方程微观分析方法建立了山区公路交通流随机干扰基本模型。     

箱涵刚域效应研究

箱涵刚域效应是指结构在节点处,由于构件相交而存在的性质特殊的区域,该区域的相对抗弯刚度趋近无限大,呈现出不可变形的特性,从而对结构受力和变形产生影响的现象。为研究刚域效应对箱涵结构的影响,对箱涵进行受力和变形的特性分析,确定刚域及其判定方法。以箱涵的基本参数和加腋特征参数为变量,分析箱涵结构刚域效应的规律。并对比分析考虑刚域效应后结构变形和内力结果,经分析确定出顶板和侧墙的刚域范围与结构尺寸之间的比例关系,以及加腋构造的最优坡度。考虑刚域效应后的变形和内力值较小,可以减小钢筋用量,降低工程造价。     

Analysis of lateral tyre friction dynamics1

The tyre friction model is a key part of the overall multi-body tyre dynamics model. The LuGre dynamic tyre friction model is analytically linearised for pure cornering conditions. The linearised model parameters are conveniently expressed as functions of static curve slope parameters. The linearised lateral force and self-aligning torque submodels are described by equivalent mechanical systems. The linearised model and equivalent system parameters are analysed for different slip angle and wheel centre speed operating points. An example of the application of linearised tyre friction model to tyre vibration analysis is presented as well.     

几类高阶非齐次微分方程解的增长性

研究了一类高阶非齐次微分方程 f ()k + A k -1()z f ()k -1 +  + A0()z f = Q()z ,其中 Aj()z 为有限级整函数,Q()z 为次数小于 n 的多项式,和另一类高阶非齐次微分方程 f ()k + h k -1()z eak -1z f ()k -1 +  + h1()z ea1z f ′+( A1()z ebz + A2()z edz f = Q()z ,其中hj()z ,Ai()z 为级小于1的整函数,Q()z 为次数小于 n 的多项式,在一定条件下,得到了方程解的级的精确估计.)     

Book reviews

THE SEVENTH AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH FORUM, by K. W. Ogden.

AIRLINE PLANNING: CORPORATE, FINANCIAL AND MARKETING by Nawal K. Taneja. Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1982. 207 pp. (£19.50)

SOLVING LOCAL GOVERNMENT PROBLEMS: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN CITIES AND REGIONS, by Charles E. Pinkus and Anne Dixson. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1981. (Hardback £20.00; paperback £8.95)

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, edited by N. K. Jaismal. Published by North‐Holland Publishing Company (U.S. $58.50)

TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING HANDBOOK (Second Edition), edited by W. S. Homburger, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982. Prentice Hall, pp. 883.

ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT, by C. A. Nash. Longman, London, pp. 194. (£6.95).     

Unraveling the relationship between trip chaining and mode choice: evidence from a multi-week travel diary

Abstract

Trip chaining (or tours) and mode choice are two critical factors influencing a variety of patterns of urban travel demand. This paper investigates the hierarchical relationship between these two sets of decisions including the influences of socio-demographic characteristics on them. It uses a 6-week travel diary collected in Thurgau, Switzerland, in 2003. The structural equation modeling technique is applied to identify the hierarchical relationship. Hierarchy and temporal consistency of the relationship is investigated separately for work versus non-work tours. It becomes clear that for work tours in weekdays, trip-chaining and mode choice decisions are simultaneous and remain consistent across the weeks. For non-work tours in weekdays, mode choice decisions precede trip-chaining decisions. However, for non-work tours in weekends, trip-chaining decisions precede mode choice decisions. A number of socioeconomic characteristics also play major roles in influencing the relationships. Results of the investigation challenge the traditional approach of modeling mode choice separately from activity-scheduling decisions.     

电缆隧道圆形竖井结构设计方法研究

基于各行业规范中没有明确提及圆形竖井设计方法的现状,在进行相关规范解读分析的基础上,对比分析竖井侧压力、国内外规范中提到的圆形水平径向荷载的计算方法,并采用3种结构计算方法对实例进行分析论证,得出合理的结论。结果表明:竖井侧压力采用朗肯土压力计算公式;圆形水平径向荷载引入折减系数,该值为25%;荷载结构法采用主动荷载+被动荷载模式,推荐采用二维荷载结构法设计为主,三维荷载结构法及三维连续介质有限元法设计为辅的设计方法。     

结构参数对鼓式制动器高频噪声的影响

本文在建立鼓式制动器高频噪声问题的结构闭环耦合计算模型的基础上，对某国产车的高频噪声问题进行了计算。分析中所用的制动底板，鼓和蹄的结构参数均取自实际结构。计算分析的结果表明：制动器所有部件的结构参数对制动高频噪声均有重要影响，过去仅把产生高频器材怕的原因归结为蹄与鼓间的参数匹配是不正确的。对计算结果的归纳表明：对制动器高频噪声起决定作用的是鼓子结构和包含有底板，蹄，分泵及油路操纵系统在内的ＰＳＰＯ     

A macroscopic taxi model for passenger demand,taxi utilization and level of services

In most urban areas taxi services are subject to various types of regulation such as entry restriction and price control. However, effective intervention depends on generating and using suitable information on the demand-supply equilibrium of the taxi market. This paper develops a simultaneous equation system of passenger demand, taxi utilization and level of services based on a taxi service situation found in the urban area of Hong Kong over the last ten years. A set of variables is introduced including number of licensed taxis, taxi fare, disposable income, occupied taxi journey time as exogenous variables and daily taxi passenger demand, passenger waiting time, taxi availability, taxi utilization and average taxi waiting time as endogenous variables. These variables are coupled together through a system of nonlinear simultaneous equations whose parameters are estimated from survey data. The simultaneous equation system can be used to obtain useful regulatory information to assist with the decisions concerning the restriction over the number of taxi licenses and the fixing of the taxi fare structure as well as a range of service quality control. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.