Network effects of intelligent speed adaptation systems

Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) systems use in-vehicle electronic devices to enable the speed of vehicles to be regulated automatically. They are increasingly appreciated as a flexible method for speed management and control particularly in urban areas. On-road trials using a small numbers of ISA equipped vehicles have been carried out in Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. This paper describes the developments made to enhance a traffic microsimulation model in order to represent ISA implemented across a network and the impact of this on the networks. The simulation modelling of the control system is carried out on a real-world urban network, and the impacts on traffic congestion, speed distribution and the environment assessed. The results show that ISA systems are more effective in less congested traffic conditions. Momentary high speeds in traffic are effectively suppressed, resulting in a reduction in speed variation which is likely to have a beneficial impact on safety. Whilst ISA reduces excessive traffic speeds in the network, it does not affect average journey times. In particular, the total vehicle-hours travelling at speeds below 10 km/hr have not changed, indicating that the speed control had not induced more slow-moving queues to the network. A statistically significant, eight percent, reduction in fuel consumption was found with full ISA penetration. These results are in accordance with those from field trials and they provide the basis for cost-benefit analyses on introducing ISA into the vehicle fleet. However, contrary to earlier findings from the Swedish ISA road trials, this study suggested that ISA is likely to have no significant effect on emission of gaseous pollutants CO, NO_x and HC.     

多孔混凝土疲劳性能的研究

多孔混凝土作为路面的基层,和面层一起受到车辆荷载和温度的反复作用,结构设计中需考虑其疲劳性能。通过室内小梁弯拉疲劳试验,分析疲劳寿命试验数据的概率分布,得出多孔混凝土疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,以此建立了不同应力水平和等效应力水平下两种形式的疲劳方程;分析了疲劳寿命变异性的影响因素及减小变异性的相应措施,比较得出其疲劳性能优于半刚性基层材料。利用得出的疲劳方程,建立了以多孔混凝土作为水泥混凝土路面下面层荷载应力计算的疲劳应力系数,以及作为沥青路面基层时,进行层底弯拉应力验算的弯拉强度结构系数,可用于路面结构计算。     

非饱和土体气态水迁移引起的含水量变化方程

基于现有土力学理论及流体力学理论 ,结合非饱和土气态水迁移特征 ,得到了根据土体基质吸力和温度确定土孔隙饱和蒸气压力的表述关系式 ,推导得到非饱和土体中气态水迁移引起含水量变化的非稳态方程 ,方程揭示了气态水迁移的动力是温度梯度和含水量梯度 ,气态水迁移现象是温度不均匀分布和含水量不均匀分布单独或共同作用的表现形式 ,方程表述了实验揭示的现象。最后应用含水量变化方程对实验结果进行了计算分析 ,验证了该方程的合理性     

广义混合隐拟变分不等式的算法

利用广义混合隐拟变分不等式与隐预解等式等价关系,给出解混合隐拟变分不等式的算法,在伪单调算子条件下,证明了该算法的收敛性.     

竞争性运输通道选择的博弈模型研究

通过对博弈论原理和竞争性运输通道选择问题的特性的研究,可以用博弈论的方法和原理比较和选择竞争性运输通道。在对竞争性运输通道的选择问题进行抽象的数学描述后,建立了相应的博弈论数学模型,并运用剔除严格劣战略的方法,对模型构造了可行的算法。同时对参与人集合的确定;纳什均衡的个数以及模型的拓展等问题做了进一步的分析.最后,通过与AHP的比较,提出了模型向贝叶斯博弈拓展的设想。为竞争性运输通道的选择优化问题提供了一种新的研究思路.     

具有Volterra型非线性边界条件的反应扩散方程的单调迭代法

研究了具有Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ型非线性边界条件的反应扩散方程的边值问题，建立了解的存在性和唯一性的单调迭代法。     

Energy-Based Approach to Structural Robustness

Introduction Structures must be robust, so that after accidentaldamage, they will not suffer consequences dispropor-tionate to the original causes. In structural engineer-ing, the modern research on structural robustness maydate back to the progressive collapse of the RonanPoint in England in 1968, where a relatively weakexplosion led to a disproportionate failure ( seeFig.1). Following this accident, considerable at-tempts have been made on this subject though debatecontinues about the true…     

具五次强非线性项的Lienard方程的新精确解

通过构造辅助方程,求出了具五次强非线性项的L ienard方程的多种新精确解,包括孤波解、三角函数解、Jacob i椭圆函数解.利用所得结果可以求出Kundu方程、导数Schr d inger方程和力学中重要的具五次强非线性项的波方程以及PC方程等重要非线性发展方程的精确解.     

A NEW MODEL AND IMPROVED CABLE FUNCTION FOR REPRESENTING THE ACTIVATING PERIPHERAL NERVES BY A TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC FIELD DURING MAGNETIC STIMULATION

Theclassiccableequationhasbeenusedtore presenttheexcitationoflongandstraightperipheral nervesinanelectricfield.Itpredictsthatexcitation occursnearthemaximumofthenegativefirstspa tialgradient-E'‖=- Ex/ xinthedirectionofan x axialfiber[1],whichisinagreem…