Estimates of vertical mixing during a Lagrangian experiment off the Galician coast

An adjoint 1-D model was used to determine vertical diffusivity coefficients from temperature profiles collected within a filament escaping from the Galician coast following an upwelling event. The optimisation scheme ended with relatively high diffusivity values within the thermocline (9×10⁻⁵ m² s⁻¹). Such high values are relevant for biogeochemical exchanges between surface and deep waters in stratified areas.The optimised values were several orders of magnitude higher than the bulk of diffusivity measurements recorded with a free-falling device; however, the optimisation solution was consistent with the arithmetic mean of the measurements in the thermocline (7.7×10⁻⁵ m² s⁻¹), giving more weight to the few largest values. Below the thermocline, the data assimilation method failed because of the three-dimensional nature of the advective field of the upwelling system. Ignoring this advective forcing in the model led to estimates that were two orders of magnitude too high.The results suggest that turbulent mixing is a random process where a few intense events determine the average mixing that drives the long-term evolution of the water column structure. This statistical property is very important when one wants to use instantaneous diffusivity measurements for modelling purposes.     

单桩荷载传递法修正计算分析

基于层状地基采用双曲线模型为荷载传递函数,提出了用Mindlin解和桩土共同作用的联合方法对荷载传递法的进行修正,并计算分析了单桩承载特性。将Lee的方法与双曲线荷载传递函数相结合使得Lee方法中考虑土体横向连续性的优点得以发挥。将横向连续性与竖向连续性修正相结合得到修正荷载传递法,用编制的计算机程序进行了工程实例的计算,结果表明,计算结果与实测值较为接近,其土层的平均SPT值较小,土体较容易产生变形,当试验荷载较高时,可能造成桩周土与桩身之间的滑移。修正荷载传递法与未修正和仅进行竖向修正的荷载传递法相比具有一定的精确性,能更好地反映单桩承载特性,且适用于群桩的分析计算。     

Nonlinear three-dimensional wagon-track model for the investigation of rail corrugation initiation on curved track

A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations.     

大型桥梁健康监测系统的数据采集子系统设计方法

针对大型桥梁结构健康监测系统具有传感器类型多、信噪比小等特点,系统研究大型桥梁结构健康监测系统的数据采集子系统的设计方法。首先分析桥梁结构健康监测所采用的传感器的输出信号特征、输出信息量特征和空间分布特征;在此基础上,研究数据采集子系统的设计内容和原则,以及硬件、软件和基于网络的设计方法;最后,采用该设计方法为滨州黄河公路大桥健康监测系统设计了数据采集子系统。系统的运行表明,文章建立的设计方法是可行的。     

沥青路面结构行为方程中材料影响系数的确定方法

沥青路面的结构行为方程为基于性能的沥青路面结构设计方法奠定了良好的理论基础,但先前的研究仅较好地考虑了荷载、环境和结构等因素对沥青路面使用性能的影响,而对材料因素的影响考虑得较为粗略。鉴于材料影响的复杂性,论文从较为宏观的角度通过改性沥青和普通沥青结构行为方程和现场疲劳方程的建立给出改性沥青影响系数与改性-普通沥青寿命比值的关系,从而利用此关系以及通过试验获得的改性沥青和普通沥青混凝土的疲劳方程即可确定结构行为方程中的材料影响系数。     

应用有限元法研究车架结构的耐撞性

本文应用有限地对车辆正面碰撞过程中车架结构的大变形过程进行了计算机模拟。文中介绍了非线性有限元分析的基本方程，运用微机版ＤＹＮＡ３Ｄ软件，在合理简化的基础上，建立了车呆结构的有限元模型，通过计算机模拟，预测了车辆正碰过程中车架的变形位置和变形形式。针对存在的问题，对车架结构进行了改进设计。实车碰撞试验表明：改进后，车架结构的耐撞性有明显提高。     

汽车三维分离流动特性的数值研究

本文对轿车尾部的分离流进行了数值计算和研究。通过ＳＧＳ（亚网格尺寸比）湍流模型,用瞬态三维Ｎ－Ｓ方程对具有不同尾部外形的汽车流场进行了全模拟。本文论述了计算所得的非稳态流场的时均值。通过计算结果与风洞实验和水槽实验数据的对比分析验证了计算的有效性和可靠性。     

自卸式远洋散装水泥运输船特殊结构强度分析研究

以远洋散装水泥运输船为研究对象,采用三维有限元分析方法及ＤＮＶ船级社的ＳＥＳＡＭ结构计算软件,从船体结构强度、船舶振动预报和船体结构温度应力等方面对该型船结构设计的多项技术难点进行了详细的计算和评估。并且着重对大型散装水泥运输船间断内底板、中纵舱壁以及高腹板旁桁材等特殊结构的受力状态及应力分布进行分析和探讨。为自卸式散装水泥运输船的结构优化设计提供技术支撑。     

结构可靠性优化设计的遗传算法

本文针对结构可靠性优化设计问题的特点与计算上的难点，提出遗传算法，文中比较详细地比较了遗传算法的理论基础，遗传算子及工作过程，并对参数选择及其对收敛的影响作了探讨，最后以两个可靠性优化问题作了算例，验证了遗传算法解决此类问题的有效性。