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121.
Sales tax measures passed at the local level and dedicated to transportation projects have become increasingly popular in
the United States. While revenues from fuel taxes stagnate, growth of local transportation sales taxes (LTSTs), most approved
in local elections, has led to a gradual shift of the financial base for transportation projects away from user fees and toward
broader-based taxes. In this study, the relationship between voter support and the social, political, and geographic characteristics
of the voters is explored. Using precinct-level voting data and census demographic data for three local transportation sales
tax elections in Sonoma County, in the San Francisco Metropolitan area of California, regression models were constructed to
analyze this relationship. In addition, the relationship between the outcomes of the three measures was explored to better
understand which transportation projects might have garnered more support for the successful measure. It was found that the
closer voters lived to the transportation projects to be funded, the greater their support. Higher incomes were also positively
related to support, controlling for other variables. Political leanings were found to affect support, with the direction of
the effect dependent upon the project list in each measure’s expenditure plan. Finally, it appears that the latest measure,
which passed successfully, benefited greatly from its multi-modal expenditure plan. 相似文献
122.
Masahiko Fujikubo Taoyun Xiao Kazuhiro Yamamura 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2003,7(3):119-127
A structural safety assessment of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) surrounded by a gravity-type breakwater
was carried out for extreme wave conditions by considering the damage to the breakwater. Bending and shear collapses are considered
to be a failure mode of the floating structure, while overturning damages the breakwater. The probability of the breakwater
overturning, and the transmitted wave height before and after damage to the breakwater, are evaluated using design formulae
for port and harbor facilities in Japan. The ultimate bending and shear strengths of the floating structure are calculated
by the idealized structural unit method (ISUM) and FEM, respectively. The calculated failure probability for the floating
structure is compared with the specified target safety level. It was found that the floating structure under consideration
is most likely to fail by bending in transverse waves, and that the corresponding failure probability satisfies the target
level.
Received: September 12, 2002 / Accepted: October 4, 2002
Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to Dr. Shigeo Ohmatsu, National Maritime Research Institute, Japan, for allowing us to use the program
of hydroelastic response analysis.
Address correspondence to: M. Fujikubo (e-mail: fujikubo@naoe.hiroshima-u.ac.jp)
Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Arthit Jpn 2002;190:337–345) 相似文献
123.
Numerical artifacts can limit accurate simulation of turbulent particle motion when Lagrangian particle-tracking models are implemented in hydrodynamic models with stratified conditions like fronts. Yet, modeling of individual particle motion in frontal regions is critical for understanding sediment dynamics as well as the transport and retention of planktonic organisms. The objective of this research was to develop a numerical technique to accurately simulate turbulent particle motions in a particle-tracking model embedded within a hydrodynamic model of a frontal zone. A new interpolation scheme, the ‘water column profile’ scheme, was developed and used to implement a random displacement model for turbulent particle motions. A new interpolation scheme was necessary because linear interpolation schemes caused artificial aggregation of particles where abrupt changes in vertical diffusivity occurred. The new ‘water column profile’ scheme was used to fit a continuous function (a tension spline) to a smoothed profile of vertical diffusivities at the x–y particle location. The new implementation scheme was checked for artifacts and compared with a standard random walk model using (1) Well Mixed Condition tests, and (2) dye-release experiments. The Well Mixed Condition tests confirmed that the use of the ‘water column profile’ interpolation scheme for implementing the random displacement model significantly reduced numerical artifacts. In dye-release experiments, high concentrations of Eulerian tracer and Lagrangian particles were released at the same location up-estuary of the salt front and tracked for 4 days. After small differences in initial dispersal rates, tracer and particle distributions remained highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.99) when a random displacement model was implemented in the particle-tracking model. In contrast, correlation coefficients were substantially lower (r = 0.07 to 0.58) when a random walk model was implemented. In general, model performance tests indicated that the ‘water column interpolation’ scheme was an effective technique for implementing a random displacement model within a hydrodynamic model, and both could be used to accurately simulate diffusion in a highly baroclinic frontal region. The new implementation scheme has the potential to be a useful tool for investigating the influence of hydrodynamic variability on the transport of sediment particles and planktonic organisms in frontal zones. 相似文献
124.
125.
Bing Yan Jing Zhao 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》2009,21(1):1-10
In the paper, we develop the fundamental solutions for a graded half-plane subjected to concentrated forces acting perpendicularly and parallel to the surface. In the solutions, Young's modulus is assumed to vary in the form of E(y) = E0e(ay) and Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. On the basis of the fundamental solutions, the singular integral equations are formulated for the unknown traction distributions with Green's function method. From the fundamental integral equations, a series of integral equations for special cases may be deduced corresponding to practical contact situations. The validity of the fundamental solutions and the integral equations is demonstrated with the degenerate solutions and two typical numerical examples. 相似文献
126.
朱焱 《西南交通大学学报》1995,30(4):410-415
本文主要介绍向对象的系统分析原理与方法以及进行系统信息模型设计的思想,并用这种新方法对接触网参数数据库输入过程进行了分析和建模。 相似文献
127.
128.
SDMIS是一个热处理车间计划和调度微机管理信息系统。该系统运用运筹学模型和数据库技术,对MIS及计划和调度模型作了一些理论上和实践上的探索和尝试。由于以热处理车间为模型,系统是针对热处理车间的特点进行分析和设计的。通过SDMIS系统用户可以随时了解生产情况,掌握生产进度。在引进优先效和优先级的基础上,本文还建立了优先数计划编制模型和三级优先随机调度模型,用调度模型进行的日调度,能在全面分析生产情况和短线情况的基础上,分清轻重缓急,进行科学有效的调度。 相似文献
129.
基于高精度几何线形控制和大型机械化集成装备系统施工的节段预制桥梁悬拼技术,已广泛用于国内外桥梁施工。根据厄瓜多尔国家联合大桥(巴巴奥约河大桥)75 m跨径连续梁桥的工程特点,采用有限元法计算全桥预拱度,采用GeomPro软件控制与调整几何线形,介绍JP75架桥机、水上龙门吊、悬臂支架锁定、长束张拉、强制合龙及体系转换等关键设备与施工技术的研究与应用。 相似文献
130.