海洋平台结构系统疲劳可靠性分析方法

本文研究了海洋平台结构系统疲劳可靠性评估方法。文中对平台结构简生管节点疲劳可靠性分析模型进行了简单的评述，在该模型的基础上，建立了用S－N曲线模型与断裂力学模型分别计算平台完好管节点及有初始裂纹管节点疲劳寿命的平告结构系统疲劳可靠性分析模型。作为一个算例，文中运用作者开发的程序系统，对一固定式导管架平台进行了疲劳可靠性计算。     

A parking model hierarchy

The last decade has seen considerable developments in computer assisted design procedures which enable planners to investigate the impacts of changes in the transport system. These developments have become more available to analysts through the introduction of microcomputers and computer graphics. Unfortunately, the impacts of parking on the transport have not been incorporated explicitly in many of these models since their prime concern is the movement of traffic. Parking system design and policy analysis can, however, benefit greatly from these developments in computer technology and availability. The design of parking systems can be improved and the investigation of policy impacts can be trialed or refined prior to their introduction using microcomputer packages. This paper outlines some developments in these areas. More specifically, it outlines a hierarchy or microcomputer models and information systems that can investigate parking policy and study the level of service provided by parking systems.     

Investigating the predictive performance of computational process activity-based transportation models

The aim of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of computational process activity-based models, by identifying factors that influence the predictive performance of A Learning-based Transportation Oriented Simulation System model. Therefore, the work activity process model, which includes six decision steps, is investigated. The manner of execution in the process model contains two features, activation dependency and attribute interdependence. Activation dependency branches the execution of the simulation while attribute interdependence involves the inclusion of the decision outcome of a decision step as an attribute to subsequent decision steps. The model is experimented with by running the simulation in four settings. The performance of the models is assessed at three validation levels: the classifier or decision step level, the activity pattern sequence level and the origin–destination matrix level. The results of the validation analysis reveal more understanding of the model. Benchmarks and factors affecting the predictive performance of computational activity-based models are identified.     

大跨度铁路悬索桥结构刚度敏感性研究

桥梁刚度参数的确定在大跨度桥梁总体设计中非常重要,结合某大跨度铁路专用悬索桥方案,从结构动力特性、车辆走行性和风致抖振响应3个方面,分析梁、塔、索等构件刚度对桥梁性能的影响,并对大跨度铁路悬索桥刚度评价指标进行研究,结果表明:桁宽的增大能够较显著地增大桥梁横弯基频,桁宽过小时桥梁会产生横向周期性振动,宽跨比限值建议取为1/20~1/35;随着桁高减小,车辆竖向加速度显著增加,高跨比限值建议取为1/70~1/100;主缆刚度增大会使桥梁扭转和竖向基频明显提高;桥塔刚度及恒载的影响有限。     

国内城轨车辆车钩缓冲装置应用情况和统型设想

介绍了国内现有的A型、B型城轨车辆车钩缓冲装置,针对种类繁多的现状,提出了对车钩缓冲装置进行统型的设想。     

30t轴重重载铁路预应力混凝土轨枕设计研究

结合我国重载铁路的运营特点,在前期研究成果的基础上,开展了30 t轴重重载铁路混凝土轨枕的设计、试验研究工作,并按照北美铁路工程和维修协会(AREMA)的相关规定进行对比分析。研究结果表明:新型重载轨枕能够满足30 t轴重线路的承载性能要求,同Ⅲ型枕相比,轨下截面正弯矩和中间截面负弯矩承载能力分别提高了18.5%和23.3%;新型重载轨枕能够满足国内标准及AREMA的相关试验要求,且具有较大安全余量,表明其达到北美重载线路用混凝土轨枕的承载水平。     

高速铁路路基桩板结构差异沉降限值探讨

桩板结构属于超静定结构,各桩之间的差异沉降会引起显著的结构内力,把空间结构近似简化成平面结构,采用结构力学分析方法,分别对5 mm和2 mm的差异沉降进行内力计算。计算过程中综合考虑温度变化,混凝土收缩徐变,列车动力作用,不同桩位发生支座下沉,采用6种工况组合分别计算,得出不同差异沉降对结构内力的影响。     

黄韩侯铁路2×64 m T形刚构桥设计

重点研究双薄壁桥墩T形刚构桥的设计要点。依托黄韩侯铁路2×64 m T形刚构桥,采用有限元分析方法,建立全桥模型进行计算,研究桥墩横撑内力特性,采用圆弧形预应力横撑能较好地解决双薄壁桥墩横撑配筋设计。     

不同湍流模型模拟地铁站台气流组织比较

以某地铁站台为例,利用计算流体力学方法,采用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、混合长度零方程模型、Chen零方程模型以及v2f模型,对其通风系统下站台、站厅内的温度场和速度场进行数值模拟。通过对不同模型下结果的比较分析,发现Chen零方程湍流模型在较少的收敛迭代次数下,能够得到与标准k-ε模型和RNG k-ε模型较为接近的流场和温度场,而混合长度零方程模型和近年来兴起的v2f模型则与其他模型的计算结果有较大差异。结果表明,在对地铁站台建立热环境数值模型时,湍流模型的选择也需谨慎。     

民营资本参与城市轨道交通PPP项目障碍因素分析

民营资本参与度不足已经成为中国PPP模式在城市轨道交通项目领域持续推广的一大桎梏,识别和分析民营资本参与的障碍因素是促进其参与的关键问题。通过文献研究提炼出4个角度共23条障碍因素,并采用解释结构模型法,构建民营资本参与障碍因素的层次结构模型,得出障碍因素间的层级关系,并进一步提出促参建议。对于促进民营资本参与城市轨道交通PPP项目提供一定理论支持。