Applying measures of modelling quality to a national time series: a benchmark for transport demand models

ABSTRACT

In current urban planning practice, macroscopic transport demand and assignment models are essential for the evaluation of mid- and long-term land use developments and infrastructure investments. The credibility of their projections strongly depends on their ability to reproduce present day traffic volumes. Obviously, a simplified model of reality will display some shortcomings, and the effect of these is asserted by quality measures that quantify the divergence from observed traffic volumes. There is, however, only rough guidance regarding acceptable ranges of these measures. Most of the literature on this subject approach these ranges from below, by discussing measures attained by operational models and using these as a benchmark, or by using the adverse effects of modelling errors to derive a minimum quality level. On the contrary, this study suggests upper limits for quality measures by analysing year-on-year variations in traffic volumes that result from changing land use and infrastructure.     

Passengers’ Perceived Service Quality of City Buses in Taipei: Scale Development and Measurement

Abstract

To understand fully passengers’ perceptions and expectations of the bus service quality in Taipei, business managers and governmental agencies must seek a proper scale that can reflect passengers’ opinions accurately. This study develops and tests a service quality scale designed for a city bus transit system in Taipei. Churchill’s paradigm and a focus group interview were combined into a multistage scale development procedure. Based on the procedure, Taipei city buses were selected as the example, for which a service quality scale was developed. The final scale contains four dimensions and 20 items. These four dimensions are ‘interaction with passengers’, ‘tangible service equipment’, ‘convenience of service’ and ‘operating management support’. Finally, the results of scale development and the managerial applications of the service quality scale for the city transit system are discussed.     

模态研究的数学分析与有限元分析的探讨

简单的结构可通过数学方法获得比较准确的模态结果,较复杂的结构很难用数学方法直接进行分析,需要将模型简化,不合理的简化会导致分析结果的错误,使用有限元软件分析可以获得比较理想的结果。划分网格是有限元分析的关键一步,文中以大拉杆为例,进行了数学计算、有限元软件ANSYS与ADINA模态分析,通过对比模态结果,对这两款不同有限元分析软件的计算特点进行了总结,得出并不是网格密度越密计算精度越高的结论。     

PBL教学法在“船舶强度与结构设计”课程中的应用

文章阐明了PBL教学法在“船舶强度与结构设计”课程教学中的应用,介绍了其具体实施步骤。实施效果显示,该方法取得了良好的教学效果,具有一定的参考意义。     

潜艇的三维厚边界层研究

建立了三维湍流边界层及尾流的动量积分方程,通过算例将计算结果与Gadd的结果进行比较和分析,验证了该方法的可靠性.在潜艇的粘性边界层计算过程中,应用了在势流理论基础上建立起来的艇体表面流线坐标系,对潜艇周围的三维厚边界层进行研究,得到了潜艇边界层及尾流的特征参数,给出了附体(围壳和尾翼)对特征参数的影响.在考虑排挤影响后,艇体采用等价源方法而尾流采用等价假想体法,通过势流计算得到潜艇表面的压力分布.     

铁道车辆液压锚定机械手

针对铁道车辆在港口、厂矿等装卸时需要固定的要求,研制出铁道车辆液压锚定机械手。机械手最大锚定力为450 kN,在非工作状态时设备最高点不高出轨面。机械手采用液压驱动,由升降臂、伸缩臂和末端手爪组成。升降臂采用双杆结构的四连杆机构,并对伸缩缸、支撑杆等关键部件进行强度校核。液压系统采用节能设计,并利用液压锁实现机械手的位置锁定。采用程序互锁和行程时间联合冗余控制,以保障系统的可靠性。现场使用表明,机械手在1.5 m水平距离内可实现车辆空间位置自动寻找、自动摘挂车钩、定位和位置锁定,达到设计目标,可实现安全高效生产。     

缓解快速线路曲线入口结构性晃车问题的探讨

为减小列车由直线进入曲线时车轮对轨道产生的横向冲击力，对曲线入口的结构性晃车问题进行了分析，进而对轮轨游间及相关技术标准进行了讨论，从机车车辆和线路2个方面提出了建议。     

AAM图像检索技术在现代化作战中的应用

概述基于内容的图像检索技术。利用图像局部特征,提出以动态外观模板图像检索技术对特定人员进行身份识别的方法。     

RANS simulation of a container ship using a single-phase level-set method with overset grids and the prognosis for extension to a self-propulsion simulator

Steady flow simulations for the Korean Research Institute for Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship (KCS) were performed for towing and self-propulsion. The main focus in the present article is on the evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool for hull form design along with application of state-of-the-art technology in the flow simulations. Two Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation solvers were employed, namely CFDShip-Iowa version 4 and Flowpack version 2004e, for the towing and self-propulsion cases, respectively. The new features of CFDShip-Iowa version 4 include a single-phase level-set method to model the free surface and an overset gridding capability to increase resolution in the flow and wave fields. The new features of Flowpack version 2004e are related to a self-propulsion scheme in which the RANS solver is coupled with a propeller performance program based on the infinitely bladed propeller theory. The present work is based on a close interaction between IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering of the University of Iowa and Osaka Prefecture University. In the following article, overviews are given of the present numerical methods and results are presented and discussed for the KCS in towing and self-propulsion modes, including comparison with available experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) data. Additional evaluation is provided through discussion of the recent CFD Workshop Tokyo 2005, where both methods appeared to yield very promising results.