基于iSIGHT平台的翼型水动力优化

基于iSIGHT设计平台,结合计算流体力学软件Fluent对二维翼型NACA0012进行了多目标优化设计,以提高其水动力性能。设计过程中以雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程为主控方程,采用了邻域培植遗传算法(NCGA)和非支配解排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)为优化算法,对二维翼型进行优化。优化结果表明,翼型的水动力性能有了明显提高,其升力系数提高,升阻比提高,最小压力系数上升,上表面峰值减小。该优化方法可以推广到多种翼型,对于船用翼的研究都有一定的意义。     

基于多元回归模型的青少年交通安全行为分析

为了提高广州市青少年交通安全水平,保障青少年交通安全。基于广州市青少年安全调查数据对青少年交通安全行为影响因素进行了研究。通过定量分析的方法筛选出了与青少年交通安全最密切相关的4项指标(教育、意识、态度、个人因素),设计并使用调查问卷,获得交通安全教育、意识、态度的评分,运用SPSS19.0采用皮尔逊(Pearson )相关分析以及多元回归模型分析进行实证分析。结果表明,教育、意识、态度、个人因素能够很好地解释青少年交通安全行为得分,所有变量的显著性水平sig .均小于0.05,可以认为所有变量均有显著影响,能够很好地应用在青少年交通安全行为的评价之中。      

车辆在曲线路段的交通粘性力学模型分析

分析曲线路段对道路通行能力的影响,将交通流比拟成流体流,运用流体力学理论,基于车辆的平均密度、平均速度及速度参数,求出车辆在曲线路段的粘性阻力,建立车辆在曲线路段的交通粘性力学模型。     

滑行艇高速航行时的数值模拟(英文)

Planing vessels are applied widely in civil and military situations.Due to their high speed,the motion of planning vessels is complex.In order to predict the motion of planning vessels,it is important to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of planning vessels at high speeds.The computational fluid dynamic method(CFD) has been proposed to calculate hydrodynamic performance of planning vessels.However,in most traditional CFD approaches,model tests or empirical formulas are needed to obtain the running attitude of the planing vessels before calculation.This paper presents a new CFD method to calculate hydrodynamic forces of planing vessels.The numerical method was based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations.The volume of fluid(VOF) method and the six-degrees-of-freedom equation were applied.An effective process was introduced to solve the numerical divergence problem in numerical simulation.Compared with experimental results,numerical simulation results indicate that both the running attitude and hydrodynamic performance can be predicted well at high speeds.     

Residential location and transit-oriented development in a new rail corridor

The relationship of form, use, and density in urban development and their influence on human behavior and travel is a key element of many land use and transport policies. Prior research indicates high-density urban development leads to decreased travel and thus sustainable mobility; however, personal attitudes seem to have greater effect on mobility than does the urban form. This research evaluates how households consider transit-oriented development (TOD) characteristics in their location decisions with regard to new Mandurah railway line stations opened in December 2007 in Perth, Western Australia. The results indicate that the choice of residence reflects neighborhood and housing attributes, with significant heterogeneity in the populations of the three precincts in terms of their valuation of various housing characteristics, proximity to urban facilities, and transport. There is also significant variation in households’ attitudes to natural and artificial environments. A better understanding of the complex relationships among environment, travel, socio-demographic characteristics, and household attitudes can help transport planners leverage the benefits of TOD and improve the quality of urban design and community life.     

Managing evacuation networks

This paper proposes a non-anticipative, adaptive, decentralized strategy for managing evacuation networks. The strategy is non-anticipative because it does not rely on demand forecasts, adaptive because it uses real-time traffic information, and decentralized because all the information is available locally. It can be used with a failed communication network.The strategy pertains to networks in which no links backtrack in the direction of increased risk. For these types of networks, no other strategy exists that can evacuate more people in any given time, or finish the evacuation in less time. The strategy is also shown to be socially fair, in the sense that the time needed to evacuate all the people exceeding any risk level is, both, the least possible, and the same as if less-at-risk individuals did not participate in the evacuation. The strategy can be proven optimal even when backflows happen due to driver gaming.     

重载作用下多年冻土地区沥青路面的结构适应性分析

文章根据青藏公路路面使用沥青的现状,利用有限元模型对青藏公路5种常用路面结构不同温度分布下的力学响应进行了对比分析。结果表明,设置沥青碎石过渡层的路面结构（如ACR）具有较好的适应性,其面层的竖向位移、压应变、最大剪应力、最大剪应变和基层底面弯拉应力均较小,为多年冻土地区沥青路面结构设计提供参考。     

A simulation evaluation of the maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) estimator for mixed multinomial probit models

This paper evaluates the ability of the maximum approximate composite marginal likelihood (MACML) estimation approach to recover parameters from finite samples in mixed cross-sectional and panel multinomial probit models. Comparisons with the maximum simulated likelihood (MSL) estimation approach are also undertaken. The results indicate that the MACML approach recovers parameters much more accurately than the MSL approach in all model structures and covariance specifications. The MACML inference approach also estimates the parameters efficiently, with the asymptotic standard errors being, in general, only a small proportion of the true values. As importantly, the MACML inference approach takes only a very small fraction of the time needed for MSL estimation. In particular, the results suggest that, for the case of five random coefficients, the MACML approach is about 50 times faster than the MSL for the cross-sectional random coefficients case, about 15 times faster than the MSL for the panel inter-individual random coefficients case, and about 350 times or more faster than the MSL for the panel intra- and inter-individual random coefficients case. As the number of alternatives in the unordered-response model increases, one can expect even higher computational efficiency factors for the MACML over the MSL approach. Further, as should be evident in the panel intra- and inter-individual random coefficients case, the MSL is all but practically infeasible when the mixing structure leads to an explosion in the dimensionality of integration in the likelihood function, but these situations are handled with ease in the MACML approach. It is hoped that the MACML procedure will spawn empirical research into rich model specifications within the context of unordered multinomial choice modeling, including autoregressive random coefficients, dynamics in coefficients, space-time effects, and spatial/social interactions.     

The transit network design problem with elastic demand and internalisation of external costs: An application to rail frequency optimisation

In this paper we examine the transit network design problem under the assumption of elastic demand, focusing on the problem of designing the frequencies of a regional metro. In this problem, investments in transit services have appreciable effects on modal split. Neglecting demand elasticity can lead to solutions that may not represent the actual objectives of the design. We propose four different objective functions that can be adopted to assume demand as elastic, considering the costs of all transportation systems (car, bus and rail) as well as the external costs, and we define the constraints of the problem. Heuristic and meta-heuristic solution algorithms are also proposed. The models and algorithms are tested on a small network and on a real-scale network.     

CSR对超大型油船装载及压载舱分舱的影响

国际、国内的油运市场对超大型油船(VLCC)的需求非常迫切。油船结构共同规范(CSR)不仅对VLCC结构设计的影响是全面和系统的,还对VLCC的装载工况和压载舱分舱方案有很大的影响,而这些因素直接决定了船体的最大中拱静水弯矩。该文针对30.8万吨VLCC,对CSR进行了研究,通过装载计算,初步阐明了CSR对VLCC装载工况和压载舱分舱设计的影响。