An integrated assessment of alternative land-based passenger transport policies: A case study in Tenerife

Over recent decades, there have been numerous cases of land-based transport policies that have lacked clear and coherent strategies. This has not only hampered the resolution of issues like road congestion, but has also created new ones (e.g. strong social opposition to new train infrastructures). The absence of such strategies highlights the need for long-term transport policies with a wider vision of the issues, since land-based transport cannot be considered from just a technical perspective.The main objective of this article is to implement a participatory integrated approach to facilitate the understanding of land-based passenger transport governance issues on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. Relevant policy issues and alternatives are identified by the stakeholders involved. The inclusion of stakeholders in the assessment process is crucial to frame transport governance issues appropriately and to define and assess plausible policy alternatives. This assessment process even included a final step of validation of the results by stakeholders to foster discussion among them about transport issues and policy alternatives.Finally, due to the obstructive role played by some stakeholders in influencing past transport policies, an analysis of possible coalitions among stakeholders is also discussed.     

Marginal railway track renewal costs: A survival data approach

In this paper, renewal costs for railway tracks are investigated using survival analysis. The purpose is to derive the effect from increased traffic volumes on rail renewal cycle lengths and to calculate associated marginal costs. A flow sample of censored data containing almost 1300 observations on the Swedish main railway network is used. We specify Weibull regression models, and estimate deterioration elasticities for total tonnage as well as for passenger and freight tonnages separately. Marginal costs are calculated as a change in present values of renewal costs from premature renewal following increased traffic volumes. The marginal cost for total tonnage is estimated to approximately SEK 0.002 per gross ton kilometre.     

基于数据融合的公交客流规模测算方法

公交客流规模测算往往存在调查成本受限和准确度要求较高的矛盾.提出基于公交IC卡历史数据与人工补充调查数据的数据融合测算方法,以准确推算公交客流规模.首先根据公交线路的基本属性,采用聚类分析方法划分线路类型,从每一类中选择具有代表性的线路.基于IC卡数据分析公交客流时变特征,运用有序样本聚类Fisher算法将线路小时刷卡量进行聚类分析.划分刷卡量相似时段,进而采用优化方法确定调查抽样率,确定相应的调查车辆进行人工补充调查,最终经过数据融合计算获得公交客流规模.基于上海市某辖区IC卡数据进行案例分析,测算得到三类公交线路的日均客流量.     

天津西南环线铁路钢横梁框架墩设计

当前,新建铁路临近市区或车站地段,往往铁路密集、纵横交错,新建线路与既有铁路、公路小角度交叉的情况不可避免;加之临近车站时线路纵断面抬高困难,需严格限制上跨线路的结构建筑高度.钢横梁框架墩的建筑高度较低,而横向跨度相对较大,是此类工点较好的解决方案.本文介绍了钢横梁框架墩的结构特点,分析比较了不同的墩顶固结方式,并总结了设计注意事项.     

Exchange rate and transport cost sensitivities of bilateral freight flows between the US and China

This paper explores the long-run impacts of gross domestic product, exchange rate, and transport costs on bilateral air and ocean freight flows between the US and China. The study employs a cointegration framework by using export and import data over the period of 2003:Q1-2014:Q2. Results show that gross domestic product is the key determinant of bilateral freight flows, indicating that real income of a trading partner is a driving force of the bilateral freight flows between the US and China. In examining the sensitivities of the bilateral trade flows, air freight flows are found to be more responsive to a real income change than ocean freight flows. The bilateral exchange rate is a significant factor affecting the freight flows from China to the US, suggesting that a US dollar appreciation against the Chinese yuan increases the inflows of Chinese commodities to the US. The impacts of the bilateral exchange rate and transport cost are found to vary at industry and commodity levels. These findings support the importance of employing disaggregate data in the bilateral freight flow analysis.     

297000dwt超大型油船噪声源分析及控制

研究了船舶噪声的主要来源，揭示了297000dwt超大型油船噪声源的分布规律，对实例噪声结果作了对比，并分析了噪声产生的原因及采取的降噪措施。     

高速公路面层出现裂缝的原因与预防措施

通过对河北省高速公路路面屡次出现裂缝的现象进行调查分析,并结合秦皇岛市京沈高速公路大修工程的实践,综合分析了路面产生裂缝的主要原因,并提出有效防治裂缝产生的措施和建议.     

天津地区标准贯入试验在液化判别中的简化应用

在采用标准贯入试验法进行粉土及砂土的液化判别过程中,根据天津地区实际地质及规范规定的条件下,可以最不利条件确定不同深度处的液化判定标贯击数临界值,然后在外业施工过程中,根据实测标贯击数大于最不利条件下的临界标贯击数时,可直接判定该标贯点粉土或砂土不液化,而不需取扰动土样进行室内颗粒分析试验,这样既满足规范的判定要求,减少室内试验的工作量,同时又能节约勘察成本,是值得采用的一种方法。     

高填深切路段装配式预制通涵的受力分析和加固处理

以某高速公路建设中高填深切路段的新工艺（装配式预制通涵）为对象，介绍分析其整体受力情况和加固处理措施，其内容可作为同类工程的参考。