自动驾驶封闭测试场地建设技术研究与实践

自动驾驶封闭场地测试是自动驾驶开放道路测试及自动驾驶汽车大规模市场化应用的必要前提,近年来国内外开展了大量的自动驾驶封闭测试场地建设工作。文章围绕自动驾驶封闭场地测试,首先系统总结分析了国家交通运输部发布的《自动驾驶封闭测试场地建设技术指南(暂行)》的主要内容及典型测试场地的建设要求,然后面向场地构建应用阐述了长安大学车联网与智能汽车试验场的建设实践,最后针对现有测试场地及建设技术难以满足多种技术形式的自动驾驶汽车的测试需求提出了相应的解决思路。     

武汉新区四新大道景观桥梁布局与设计

四新大道是武汉新区城市中心的主轴线,景观性要求高。该文结合当地风景特色和城市总体规划,介绍了四新大道十三座景观桥的桥位布置及桥梁设计方案。     

新加坡地铁C855标盾构隧道开挖面稳定性分析及泥水压力设定

复合地层中盾构隧道开挖面稳定性一直是盾构隧道工程技术难点之一。新加坡地铁环线属于典型的复合地层,并首次大规模采用泥水平衡盾构施工。文章结合地铁环线C855标段,对复合地层泥水平衡盾构施工中开挖面的稳定性分析与泥水压力设定等问题进行了探讨,基于Anagnostou和Kovari提出的楔形体模型,引进稳定数Ns概念,对沿线开挖面的泥水压力进行了分析计算,综合考虑设备性能、周边环境条件、现场组织与实施等因素给出了泥水压力设定表;并针对工程实施过程中遇到的问题,如开挖面坍塌、泥水逃逸以及降水等情况进行了分析,成果可为其它类似工程提供借鉴与参考。     

西秦岭特长隧道连续皮带机出碴施工关键技术

以新建兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道同步衬砌下的特长连续皮带机出碴为研究背景,介绍连续皮带机出碴体系与同步衬砌体系的矛盾并提出解决方案,创造性地引入连续分碴器自动切换装车技术以实现连续皮带机出碴与工程车转运2作业工序的无缝衔接;同时,阐述特长连续皮带机转场方案及皮带收放装置在解决出碴体系中途转场过程中如何实现无损伤快速回收、释放皮带难题的应用。实践证明：上述工艺和技术在经济性、连续性、安全性、施工工效、劳动强度等方面都能够更加合理地辅助现场施工,对于推动我国尚处于起步阶段的连续皮带机出碴技术发展具有较强的参考和指导意义。     

TBM主轴承内密封迷宫结构优化改造技术研究

TBM在长距离掘进过程中,由于地质环境复杂,难免遇到涌水、涌泥、涌砂等恶劣地质环境。为解决在大涌水、涌泥、涌砂条件下内密封迷宫结构泥砂清理困难的难题,结合现场施工条件,综合考虑经济性和可行性后,在原设计基础上对主轴承内密封迷宫结构进行优化改造。在不改变原结构的基础上,拆除内密封压紧环、增加新制配套压紧环,并采用加长螺栓固定。改造工作可在24 h内完成,基本不会增加额外费用、不会影响正常掘进。改造完成后施工实践证明,该技术有效阻止了外界渣石、污水、泥浆等污染物进入主轴承内部,从而节省大量维保时间、提高工作效率。     

敞开式TBM通过地铁车站中板实时监测及反馈技术

考虑到TBM自身荷载大,TBM中板过站时可能对地铁车站结构造成变形,影响结构的稳定性,为积累TBM中板过站的经验,以重庆地铁敞开式TBM通过大龙山车站中板为例,通过对TBM中板过站期间钢支撑轴力、中板挠度、中板(边墙)裂缝实时监测进行研究,得出以下结论:1)TBM机头在监测断面时,车站结构变形和受力最大;2)TBM机头对中板的主要作用为垂直压力,支撑靴对中板的主要作用为侧向压力;3)TBM通过中板时,中板下翻梁可以起到传递TBM压力的作用。通过实时监测指导了TBM过站施工,降低了TBM过站安全风险,确保了结构的安全稳定。     

重庆轨道交通6号线敞开式TBM过站技术研究

为解决TBM过站及区间车站同步施工这一问题,对TBM掘进过站和步进过站2种方式进行专题研究,通过采取在施工前制定专项的施工筹划,优化车站结构形式、利用中间车站进行地面及辅助设施转场等措施,实现了以下目标:1)确保TBM连续通过6座中间车站;2)较好地发挥TBM独头快速掘进的功效;3)较好地协调区间与沿线车站的交叉施工组织。     

Scalable stability analysis on large connected vehicle systems subject to stochastic communication delays

In this paper large connected vehicle systems are analyzed where vehicles utilize vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to control their longitudinal motion. It is shown that packet drops in communication channels introduce stochastic delay variations in the feedback loops. Scalable methods are developed to evaluate stability and disturbance attenuation while utilizing the mean, second moment, and covariance dynamics in open chain and closed ring configurations. The stability results are summarized using stability diagrams in the plane of the control parameters while varying the packet delivery ratio and the number of vehicles. Also, the relationship between the stability of different configurations is characterized. The results emphasize the feasibility of V2V communication-based control in improving traffic flow.     

The “Mirror Flags”: Ship registration in globalised ship breaking industry

The incorporation of new international regulations is a rational way to avoid the use of substandard Asian ship-breaking yards. However, more restrictive regulations and agreements could lead to increase the proliferation of the use of third countries in connection with ship recycling industry. The new Open Registries provides ship-owners with legal loopholes in order to avoid strict national legislations and international rules, thus the “genuine link” disappears and the ship-owner’s responsibilities relax. Ship-breaking industry is a complex interconnected system with many important key actors, such as shipping companies, ship-owners, ship registries, brokers, and ship-breaking yards, all of which are discussed in this paper under the vision of a new global ship recycling policy, and focusing in those cases when a ship changes its flag state registration just before scrapping. This paper analyses the most common flags selected in order to send ships for scrapping. Empirical investigation to determine the relation between States and ship-breaking industry has been carried out using the multivariate statistic technic known as “Simple correspondence analysis”. The results show a relation between ship registry selection and ships that are about to end their lives, re-flagging solely for the purpose of scrapping. If we observe the evolution of the different flag states at the end of the ship’s life, we find incremented use of new open registers or “Mirror Flags”. General abuse of new registries in ship-breaking industry would lead to a ship-breaking industry without rules or transparent procedures, which could violate labour and environmental standards.