学习创新 实践创新 建设创新型船舶工业

国家发改委日前正式批准深圳为全国首个创建国家创新型城市,这标志着国家发展战略的核心——建设创新型国家的序幕正式拉开。由此,对于进入新世纪以来高速发展、从而确立了世界造船大国地位,并正在迈向造船强国目标的中国船舶工业来讲,也必须以加快构建"结构优化、布局合理、资源共享、运行高效、充满生气"的船舶科技创新体系为突破口,全面建设创新型船舶工业。本文介绍了美国的创新轨迹和苏联的创新理论,提出了建设创新型船舶工业的几点建议,与业内人士商榷。     

GSC旋转剪切压实机的研制

近年来美国的GTM试验机已广泛应用于我国道路路面的设计当中。依据GIM试验机的测试原理研制的新一代旋转、剪切、压实机（GSC试验机）已通过技术鉴定并交付用户使用。因此,对GSC试验机的研发过程、设计思想、主机结构和测控原理加以详述,并对其技术创新对提高整机性能的影响进行一定的评价,育助于填补国内该项技术的空白。     

科研院所科技创新工作简析

本文立足于国内科研院所科技创新现状,指出了科研院所科技创新的特点,阐述了科研院所科技创新的内涵,论述了科研院所科技创新的问题,提出了科研院所科技创新的方法。     

Can ports increase traffic while reducing inputs? Technical efficiency of Spanish Port Authorities using a directional distance function approach

The focus of this paper is on the productive efficiency of ports. We estimate a directional technology distance function using parametric techniques to analyze the production technology and technical efficiency of a set of Spanish Port Authorities observed over the period 1993–2012. Technical inefficiency is conceived as the ability of ports to simultaneously expand a given output and contract variable inputs while maintaining quasi-fixed inputs and other outputs constant. Thus, for containerized cargo we address the following question: Given the amount of quasi-fixed inputs used by the firm and given the volume of the other outputs (liquids, solids, non-containerized cargo and passenger traffic), could ports increase their containerized merchandise while simultaneously reducing their variable inputs? Similar questions are asked for solid bulk and non-containerized general cargo. Our results show evidence of technical inefficiency among the ports in our sample. In particular, if the ports operated efficiently, we find that containerized cargo could be expanded by an average of over 6.4%, with an equivalent reduction in variable inputs. Solid bulk cargo and general non-containerized cargo could be increased by 4.1% and 6.1% respectively, with corresponding reductions in variable inputs. An implication of our results is that there is ample scope for specialization on the part of ports with no increase in infrastructure costs. Given that large investments in infrastructure have been made in Spanish port over the last decade, this opens the possibility of moving towards a management model based on taking advantage of existing capacity rather than new investments.     

Railway reforms: do they influence operating efficiency?

This paper considers railway operations in 23 European countries during 1995–2001, where a series of reform initiatives were launched by the European Commission, and analyses whether these reform initiatives improved the efficiency of the railway systems. Efficiency is measured using Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis, which enables investigation of how railway reforms affect the inefficiencies of specific cost drivers. The main findings are that the reform initiatives generally improve technical efficiency but potentially differently for different cost drivers. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence that accounting separation is important for improving the efficiency in the use of both material and staff costs, whereas other reforms only influenced one of these factors.

交通职业技术学院学生职业价值观问题研究

市场经济所带来的多元化择业观念,使毕业生集体主义观念和社会责任感观念淡化,从而在就业选择上趋向于功利化、自我化。文章针对当前交通职业技术学院学生职业价值观的这一变化,分析学生现实型职业价值观与传统型职业价值观之旬的冲突,提出了交通职业技术学校在职业价值观教育方面应采取的措施。     

交通技工学校学生厌学现象分析及对策研究

文章针对交通技工学校学生厌学现象,从社会、家庭、学校、学生自身等方面深入分析了学生厌学的原因,提出了解决厌学问题的对策与措施。     

机械类大学生创新实践及其效果分析

结合全国大学生机械创新设计大赛这一创新实践活动,阐述了通过加强创新实践,可以在一定程度上提高学生的就业竞争力和教师的实践能力,还可以增加学校的教学科研成果数量.实践表明,加强创新实践离不开学校的政策支持.     

中国客车的测评标准与技术创新

《亚洲客车周》活动所采用的欧洲客车测评体系,给中国客车行业带来新的思想,如何根据中国巴士与客车的使用环境,分析与欧洲标准的差异特征,将有助于中国制造商应用技术创新和车型设计塑造先进的市场形象,提高品牌的国际影响力,2006世界客车博览亚洲展览会上就有许多中国客车技术创新实例。     

初探高职工业设计专业《平面构成》课程教学改革与创新

文中介绍了平面构成的概念、目的,通过分析平面构成现存的问题及高职平面构成面临的新问题,探索高职工业设计专业《平面构成》课程教学改革与创新。