海面溢油数值模拟及其可视化实现技术

由于石油工业和石油运输业的迅猛发展,油井井喷和油轮溢油事故频繁发生。积极探索溢油在水环境中的运动规律,才能为溢油的清理提供强有力的指导。海上溢油数值模拟研究能定量地分析、评估溢油的演变,文章结合采用椭圆扩展模型和油粒子模型对溢油扩散漂移过程进行模拟,为相应的决策提供科学依据。而溢油的可视化技术基于GIS组件COM技术,将溢油数值模型的模拟计算结果以图形的方式,实时、动态地显示在电子海图上,从而实现了溢油漂移扩散过程的可视化。     

船体三维建模技术研究

研究在Pro/E环境下船体三维建模的过程和方法,以“通达2号轮”为例进行建模设计,着重研究了船体构件的创建以及装配过程,对生产过程进行数值模拟,建立船舶特征参数化图库以提高建模的效率。     

14MnNbq钢材质优化和应用研究

14MnNbq钢要求屈服强度大于或等于390MPa,同时要满足低温抗断要求的可焊性和韧性。为了满足上述性能,提出了其化学成分设计原则,并进一步提出14MnNbq钢性能优化的技术条件,即化学成分优化和力学性能优化。14MnNbq钢要广泛应用于桥梁建设,尚需按照结构设计形式、结构制造工艺、荷载作用特点和使用环境进行大量的实验研究,以满足结构安全使用和结构使用寿命的要求。     

智能轮胎监测技术的发展现状及需解决的关键问题

智能轮胎监测技术可以实现轮胎压力、温度、道路摩擦力等重要参数的监测。简述了两种简单的智能轮胎监测技术的工作原理及其优缺点，介绍了目前国内、外在智能轮胎监测技术方面的部分研究成果。在分析智能轮胎监测技术实现功能和现存问题的基础上，提出了未来智能轮胎监测技术需要解决的关键问题。     

Market introduction strategies for alternative powertrains in long-range passenger cars under competition

Alternative powertrains are considered as a promising option to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions from passenger cars. One major prerequisite is their successful market introduction. In this paper, we present a system dynamics model that allows for the evaluation of strategies for the market introduction of alternative powertrain technologies in long-range passenger cars (⩾400 km) under competition. The model considers two competing manufacturers, one first-mover and one follower, each introducing plug-in hybrids and fuel cell electric vehicles according to exogenously defined strategies, which comprise timing, pricing, and technology parameters. The manufacturers can learn from each other due to technology spillover, leading to cost reductions of the powertrains. We use an exemplary dataset for the German car market to study the manufacturers’ influence on the market success of alternative powertrains as well as the underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that in general more competition leads to higher market shares of alternatively powered vehicles and thus allows for a higher reduction of emissions. However, this might cause decreasing profits for both manufacturers, especially if the follower pursues an aggressive pricing strategy when entering the market to gain market shares from its competitor. Also, technology spillover has a positive effect on the market penetration. This particularly holds true for a low level of technology experience where high cost reductions can be achieved and for fuel cell electric vehicles where the costs of the powertrain are much higher compared to plug-in hybrids.     

What drives people to accept automated vehicles? Findings from a field experiment

This field study aims at understanding the influence of direct experience of an automated vehicle (AV, Level 3) and explaining and predicting public acceptance of AVs through a psychological model. The model includes behavioral intention (BI) to use self-driving vehicles (SDVs, Level 5), willingness to re-ride (WTR) in our AV (Level 3), and their four potential determinants, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), trust related to SDVs, and perceived safety (PS) while riding in our AV. The last two determinants are largely ignored, but we consider them critical in the context of AVs. Three-hundred students were invited as participants (passengers) to experience the AV. The trust, PU, PEU, and BI of the participants were recorded prior to their experiencing the AV; after this experience, all the constructs of the psychological model were recorded. The participants’ experience with the AV was found to increase their trust, PU and PEU (but not BI), the consistency between PU/PEU and BI, and the explanatory power of BI. The model explained 55% of the variance in BI and 40% in WTR. PU, trust, and PS were found to be steady and direct predictors of both the acceptance measures; PEU predicted BI only after the participants’ AV experience. Mediation analysis showed that trust also can indirectly affect AV acceptance through other determinants. Out-of-sample prediction confirmed the model’s predictive capability for AV acceptance. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

基于图自编码-生成对抗网络的路网数据修复

完整的交通路网数据是实现智能交通系统的前提，故本文提出一种基于图自编码-生成对 抗网络的方法对路网中缺失数据进行修复。首先，通过降噪图变分自编码器提取路网缺失数据 的时空特征，使其能最大程度捕获原始路网信息；其次，基于该时空特征利用生成对抗网络生成 路网数据，加入重建损失并优化生成对抗网络的目标函数，实现对缺失数据的有效插补；最后，采 用西雅图(Seattle)和加州(PEMS04)路网速度数据集，针对不同缺失类型和缺失率下的数据修复进 行对比实验。当随机缺失率在 10% ~70%时，Seattle 数据集的 MAE 指标在 2.38~3.25 之间， PEMS04 数据集的 MAE 指标在 1.46~2.38 之间；当聚集缺失率在 10%~70%时，Seattle 数据集的 MAE指标在2.51~2.82之间，PEMS04数据集的MAE指标在1.52~1.54之间。对比结果表明，本文 提出的路网数据修复方法均优于BP、DSAE、BGCP等模型。     

An empirical investigation on consumers’ intentions towards autonomous driving

Major steps towards implementation of autonomous and connected transport are being taken nowadays. The trend of automation technology being used in vehicles by the most important vehicle manufacturing industries is expected to move closer to high or fully Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) through technological advancements in sectors of robotics and artificial intelligence. Vehicles with autonomous driving capabilities are planning to be available on market, in full scale, in the next years. In the longer term substantial benefits are mainly expected for accessibility to transport, safety, traffic flow, emissions, fuel use and comfort. All these potential societal benefits will not be achieved unless AVs are accepted and used by a critical mass of people. Addressing these challenges, this paper: (a) proposes a technology acceptance modelling process by extending the original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain and predict consumers’ intensions towards AVs, (b) based on the proposed TAM-extended framework, a 30-question survey was conducted in order to investigate the factors influencing consumers’ intensions to use and accept AVs. Results show that the constructs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease to use, perceived trust and social influence, are all useful predictors of behavioral intentions to have or use AVs, with perceived usefulness having the strongest impact. The insights derived from this study could significantly contribute to ongoing research related to technology acceptance of AVs and are expected to allow automobile industries to improve their design and technology.     

论打造广西特色治超执法新模式的必要性和意义

文章针对广西治超执法情况的特点及存在的主要问题，分析了新形势下进行广西治超新模式改革的必要性，介绍了广西公路部门实施的治超执法新模式和手段，总结了广西特色治超执法模式改革取得的成绩。     

浅谈企业如何有效地申报科研计划项目

企业作为市场的主体,是推动国家科技创新和技术进步的主要力量,而开展科技项目申报,是政府利用计划和市场手段对企业科学研究和技术开发进行引导的主要手段。因此,面向企业开展企业科技申报对实现科技创新起着至关重要的作用。本文主要从科研管理的角度,介绍了科研项目的分类及申报过程,积极探索提高项目申报质量的有效途径,以期为企业科研管理部门提供有益的借鉴。