一种基于Vornoi图的公共服务设施布局优化方法

公共设施布局一般需要考虑两类因子,即几何因子和社会经济因子.但是,现有对公共设施布局的方法中基本只考虑一类因子.因此,提出能够同时考虑两类因子的公共设施布局方法很有必要.为此,提出了一个基于Voronoi图的方法.该方法借助于面向人口的定在公共设施布局中如何保留、删除和增加设施,使设施布局达到最优化.     

地铁车站支护与主体结构相结合深基坑变形

依托济南某地铁车站基坑工程,建立考虑土与结构共同作用的三维数值模型,模拟支护结构与主体结构相结合的基坑施工全过程,研究基坑的围护桩侧移、坑外地表土体沉降和坑底土体回弹规律.结果表明:随着开挖深度的增加,围护桩向基坑内部运动,且最大侧移沿桩身逐渐增大,最大值为开挖深度以上1m 左右;混凝土立柱的存在会明显加大围护结构的整...     

浅析B型喇叭立体交叉的安全性

文章从喇叭型立体交叉的分类、特点及适用性入手,系统分析了车辆在B型喇叭立体交叉上行驶存在的安全隐患,并提出了针对性的安全保障措施。     

时速160 km城市轨道交通内置式泵房板式道床动力特性分析

北京轨道交通新机场线在部分区间隧道的最低点设置了内置式泵房板式道床。为了保证时速160 km市域列车在动荷载作用下轨道结构的安全性和可靠性,建立了车辆-轨道-隧道三维耦合动力分析模型,计算分析100~220 km/h共7种行车速度下内置式泵房板式道床的动力特性。提取道床振动评价指标(垂向位移、垂向加速度)、道床强度评价指标(纵横向拉应力)、行车平稳性评价指标(车体垂向、横向加速度)和行车安全性评价指标(轮轨垂向力、轮轨横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率)与规范允许值进行对比。计算结果表明,各动力学评价指标均随行车速度的增大而增加,各动力学评价指标均在规范允许值之内,并且有较大的安全余量。     

运营盾构隧道不同椭圆度变形情况下受力性能分析北大核心CSCD

地下结构施工不当会对邻近既有地铁盾构隧道结构产生巨大影响。文章以广州市某地铁线路下穿施工导致既有运营地铁盾构隧道产生较大变形的工程实例为背景,分析了既有隧道结构因地层损失产生不同椭圆度变形情况下管片结构的受力情况。基于工程实测数据,运用三维有限元分析软件,考虑了管片接头处的螺栓孔等细部构造,研究了管片椭圆度与结构应力状态之间的量化关系,并分析了结构的塑性变形情况及其发展趋势。结果表明:随着盾构隧道管片椭圆度的增大,结构最大主应力值与最大剪应力值均增大,且盾构隧道结构最大剪应力与椭圆度呈线性相关关系;盾构隧道结构最大主应力随椭圆度变化更加明显,与椭圆度呈非线性相关关系。     

A pedestrian flow model considering the impact of local density: Voronoi diagram based heuristics approach

Local density, which is an indicator for comfortable moving of a pedestrian, is rarely considered in traditional force based and heuristics based pedestrian flow models. However, comfortable moving is surely a demand of pedestrian in normal situations. Recently, Voronoi diagram had been successfully adopted to obtain the local density of a pedestrian in empirical studies. In this paper, Voronoi diagram is introduced into the heuristics based pedestrian flow model. It provides not only local density but also other information for determining moving velocity and direction. Those information include personal space, safe distance, neighbors, and three elementary characteristics directions. Several typical scenarios are set up to verify the proposed model. The simulation results show that the velocity-density relations and capacities of bottleneck are consistent with the empirical data, and many self-organization phenomena, i.e., arching phenomenon and lane formation, are also reproduced. The pedestrians are likely to be homogeneously distributed when they are sensitive to local density, otherwise pedestrians are non-uniformly distributed and the stop-and-go waves are likely to be reproduced. Such results indicate that the Voronoi diagram is a promising tool in modeling pedestrian dynamics.     

基于加权Voronoi图的连续型物流节点布局优化

为了解决物流节点动态服务范围划分及其连续型物流节点协调布局问题,建立基于引力模型的物流节点服务范围划分模型,引入加权Voronoi图及其实现的离散生成法,实现复杂区域物流系统动态服务范围的精确划分,在此基础上,构建区域物流节点协调布局优化模型,结合最大空心圆策略和模拟退火算法提出模型的高效求解算法.     

沥青路面防水抗裂功能层缓解反射裂缝的数值分析

沥青路面的反射裂缝,主要是由半刚性基层无法避免的温缩及干缩裂缝导致应力集中过大而引起的,车辆荷载、较大的环境温差变化以及渗水导致反射裂缝道面破坏的不利因素。在半刚性基层和柔性面层之间设置防水抗裂功能层,可以有效缓解路面结构的应力集中现象,延缓反射裂缝的产生与扩展速度。采用有限元方法模拟易发反射裂缝的实际环境,对设置及未设置防水抗裂功能层的路面结构进行温度-荷载耦合力学对比分析,发现沥青路面下面层的荷载应力、温度应力以及应力强度因子都有较大幅度的降低,并且计算了防水抗裂功能层厚度、模量对路面结构应力、弯沉和强度因子的影响。结果表明：一般防水抗裂功能层的模量越小,效果更加明显;在合理范围内增加防水抗裂功能层的厚度能够更加有效地预防反射裂缝病害;适当控制基础模量可以防止反射裂缝的产生。     

Acoustic excitation of hull surfaces by propeller sources

We present preliminary results from our new ship motion model that includes both strong and weak three-dimensional interactions between environmental surface waves and ship bodies in arbitrary water depth. The linear solutions of steady flow using the new model agree well with those obtained using the Green function methods. When the Froude number Fn is large, the fully nonlinear solutions of our model are significantly different from linear solutions, even in calm water. The interactions between the ship and incident gravity waves are completely different from those in linear solutions even with small Fn and moderate-amplitude surface waves (e.g., Fn = 0.25 and a significant wave height of about 1–3m).     

四种剖面的空泡斗及其近似数值表达

根据压力分布计算得出船舶螺旋桨常用的四种空泡斗图。为便于在数值计算中使用,根据空泡斗形状的特征,得出各种类型剖面空泡斗的近似数值表达式。并对同一个螺旋桨设计方案,作了四种剖面设计,据此分析比较了这四种类型剖面的空泡性能。