Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

Time use in travel surveys and time use surveys – Two sides of the same coin?

An in-depth understanding of travel behaviour determinants, including the relationship to non-travel activities, is the foundation for modelling and policy making. National Travel Surveys (NTS) and time use surveys (TUS) are two major data sources for travel behaviour and activity participation. The aim of this paper is to systematically compare both survey types regarding travel activities and non-travel activities. The analyses are based on the German National Travel Survey and the German National Time Use Survey from 2002.The number of trips and daily travel time for mobile respondents were computed as the main travel estimates. The number of trips per person is higher in the German TUS when changes in location without a trip are included. Location changes without a trip are consecutive non-trip activities with different locations but without a trip in-between. The daily travel time is consistently higher in the German TUS. The main reason for this difference is the 10-min interval used. Differences in travel estimates between the German TUS and NTS result from several interaction effects. Activity time in NTS is comparable with TUS for subsistence activities.Our analyses confirm that both survey types have advantages and disadvantages. TUS provide reliable travel estimates. The number of trips even seems preferable to NTS if missed trips are properly identified and considered. Daily travel times are somewhat exaggerated due to the 10-min interval. The fixed time interval is the most important limitation of TUS data. The result is that trip times in TUS do not represent actual trip times very well and should be treated with caution.We can use NTS activity data for subsistence activities between the first trip and the last trip. This can potentially benefit activity-based approaches since most activities before the first trip and after the last trip are typical home-based activities which are rarely substituted by out-of-home activities.     

基于隧道检测钢筋分布不均状况下判定衬砌结构安全性应用研究

近年来隧道内出现的越来越多的质量安全事故,引起各方高度重视,相应的最适宜隧道主体工程衬砌质量控制的地质雷达无损检测方法被广泛应用。通过雷达无损检测可揭露出衬砌内欠厚、脱空、钢筋分布不均等大量各类型缺陷,针对欠厚脱空等缺陷制定的注浆或开窗等治理措施是目前工程中常见的整改闭合工序,但钢筋分布不均对结构安全影响如何判定,怎么界定处理尚无成熟方案与规定。本文针对隧道项目中实际检测出的钢筋分布不均缺陷,在不宜大范围扰动结构及围岩进行整治的情况下,以及在避免其他问题共存等不利因素的前提下,应用有限元数值模拟计算分析强度安全系数,并结合现场外观等综合因素对衬砌结构安全性进行分析判定研究。     

Understanding time use: Daily or weekly data?

The appropriate duration of time diaries as a source of time use data is analyzed in a structured way. Nine detailed European surveys based on seven-days diaries are used in order to study different dimensions of data quality, duration and variability of activities, and modeling capabilities. Pseudo diaries of 1, 2 (one week, one weekend) and 3 (one week, both weekend) days are constructed to further analyze these issues, selecting the seven-days diaries data as a benchmark. Comparative results show that two and three-days weighted surveys seem to be an adequate surrogate for the information obtained in weekly surveys that capture a basic work–leisure cycle.     

提高公路路面摊铺平整度的方法探析

公路路面施工质量和行车舒适性主要通过公路路面摊铺平整度来反映。通过对公路路面平整度的影响因素进行分析，探讨提高公路路面摊铺平整度的方法，可为相关公路施工提供参考。     

基于文本挖掘的地铁施工安全风险事故致险因素分析

地铁工程项目是典型的高风险大型复杂项目,施工安全风险事故多发且引发因素众多。为明确施工过程中存在的致险因素,为安全风险事故的预控提供依据,选取2002—2015年国内151例地铁施工安全风险事故报告,借助R语言和文本挖掘的方法,分别对事故报告进行分词处理、特征项选择、向量空间模型构建、共现规律识别,并利用词云和网络结构图等方法可视化文本挖掘结果;从中发现地铁施工安全风险事故的6项关键致险因素和23项一般致险因素,并以关键致险因素为基础构建致险因素集合,为地铁施工安全风险事故的预控提供参考。     

健胃愈疡颗粒对慢性胃炎伴幽门螺杆菌感染胃黏膜PAF、PS2的表达及对上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察健胃愈疡颗粒(JWYY)对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎胃黏膜乳癌相关肽(PS2)和血小板活化因子(plate-let activating factor,PAF)表达的变化,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法80例幽门螺杆菌感染慢性胃炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组42例给予健胃愈疡颗粒治疗,对照组38例给予西药三联药物治疗。应用胃镜下活检胃黏膜组织快速尿素酶和Warthin-Starry染色法检测幽门螺杆菌,应用Western blot检测PS2、PAF表达变化。应用末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末段标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。第4周复查胃镜。结果治疗组凋亡指数明显比对照组减少(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。Western blot检测显示:JWYY颗粒可上调PS2并下调PAF的表达,而对照组对胃黏膜PS2和PAF的表达影响不大。结论健胃愈疡颗粒治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃炎可能与杀灭Hp、上调PS2和下调PAF的表达来抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB及Bcl-2在Graves病中的表达及意义

目的研究Graves病患者细针穿刺组织中EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB和Bcl-2基因的表达水平,探讨其在Graves病发生发展中的作用。方法 Graves病组患者59例,平均年龄(44.66+12.94)岁,其中男16例,女43例;甲状腺结节周围正常甲状腺组织标本27例为对照组,平均年龄(44.64+14.27)岁,其中男6例,女21例。采用实时荧光定量逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB和Bcl-2在Graves病及对照组甲状腺组织中的表达,t检验分析基因表达水平差异;Pearson相关法分析基因表达与临床特征及相关血清学指标之间的关系。结果上述基因在对照组及Graves病甲状腺组织中都有不同程度的表达。Graves病患者组织中EGFR及Ku70的表达水平明显高于对照组甲状腺组织(1.752±0.660 vs.0.859±0.125,P<0.05;3.304±0.402 vs.0.768±0.102,P<0.001);NF-κB及Bcl-2的表达水平明显低于对照组甲状腺组织(0.578±0.066 vs.0.884±0.085,P<0.001;0.834±0.086vs.1.235±0.261,P<0.05)。Graves病组织中NF-κB与Bcl-2表达水平呈正相关(r=0.399,P<0.001)。Graves病组织中Ku70的表达水平与血清TgAb水平呈正相关(r=0.263,P<0.05),而其他基因表达与相关血清学指标无关(P均>0.05)。结论 Ku70、EGFR、NF-κB、Bcl-2介导的信号转导通路可能参与了Graves病的发生、发展过程。