CO2 emissions and expansion of railway,road, airline and in-land waterway networks over the 1985–2013 period in China: A time series analysis

China, the world’s largest CO₂ emitter, is continuing its long-term strategy to use transportation investments as a tool for development. With the expectation that transportation will contribute 30–40% of the total CO₂ emissions in China in the near future, there is an imminent need to identify how the development of different transportation modes may have different long-term effects on CO₂ emissions. Using time series data over the period of 1985–2013, this paper applies the combined autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) approach to identify short- and long-run causal relationships between CO₂ emissions and mode-specific transportation development, including railway, road, airline, and inland waterway. We find that China’s domestic expansions of road, airline, and waterway infrastructure lead to long-run increases in CO₂ emissions. Among them, waterway has the strongest positive impact on CO₂ emissions, followed by road. Despite a short-run, positive impact on CO₂ emissions, railway expansion leads to long-run decreases in CO₂ emissions. The results are especially encouraging for the central government of China given its long-standing and on-going efforts to expand railway infrastructure at the national level. Looking forward, it is recommended that China continues its national investments in railway infrastructure to achieve both environment and economy goals.     

Controlled time of arrival windows for already initiated energy-neutral continuous descent operations

Continuous descent operations with controlled times of arrival at one or several metering fixes could enable environmentally friendly procedures without compromising terminal airspace capacity. This paper focuses on controlled time of arrival updates once the descent has been already initiated, assessing the feasible time window (and associated fuel consumption) of continuous descent operations requiring neither thrust nor speed-brake usage along the whole descent (i.e. only elevator control is used to achieve different metering times). Based on previous works, an optimal control problem is formulated and numerically solved. The earliest and latest times of arrival at the initial approach fix have been computed for the descent of an Airbus A320 under different scenarios, considering the potential altitudes and distances to go when receiving the controlled time of arrival update. The effects of the aircraft mass, initial speed, longitudinal wind and position of the initial approach fix on the time window have been also investigated. Results show that time windows about three minutes could be achieved for certain conditions, and that there is a trade-off between robustness facing controlled time of arrival updates during the descent and fuel consumption. Interestingly, minimum fuel trajectories almost correspond to those of minimum time.     

基于LS-SVM算法和性能可靠性的航空发动机在翼寿命预测方法

以航空发动机的实际性能监测数据为基础,建立了时变性能退化模型,并进行了性能趋势预测。根据监测数据中大量与在翼寿命紧密相关的信息,分析了性能退化过程与失效分布函数之间的关系,得到了给定可靠度下的航空发动机在翼寿命。以航空发动机的实际在翼寿命为基础,利用K-S拟合检验方法对在翼寿命分布模型进行检验,采用最小二乘支持向量机确定了模型参数。结合性能退化趋势,计算了修正后的航空发动机在翼寿命,并以6台PW4000航空发动机为案例进行实例验证。分析结果表明:当正则化参数分别为25、37、28、40、27与35时,6台PW4000航空发动机的实际在翼寿命依次为6 921、7 160、7 820、8 490、8 498、6 921循环,对应的在翼寿命预测值依次为6 534、6 726、7 378、7 940、9 103、6 534循环,最大相对误差为0.071 190,最小相对误差为0.055 917,平均相对误差为0.060 824,可见,提出的方法可以很好地满足工程实际需要。     

浮式抗冰平台设计理念及水动力特性研究

钻探极地地区近海石油和天然气资源对移动式离岸钻井平台的水动力性能、抗冰性能和作业性能有着极大的要求。本文主要介绍了浮式抗冰平台的设计方案,并结合当今最新一款半潜式抗冰平台的设计理念,分别从频域和时域分析的角度与传统的半潜式平台作对比,分析得出其具有优越的水动力性能,垂荡、横摇、纵摇运动响应都优于传统的半潜平台,为下一步抗冰性能分析及其关键技术的研究做基础,同时也给半潜式平台带来新的设计理念,为浮式抗冰平台的设计建造提供合理思路。     

高速铁路列车制动曲线计算精确度与效率分析

在高速铁路列车控制系统中,车载设备依据行车许可、线路数据和列车制动参数计算目标距离连续速度控制模式曲线,对列车位置和速度进行实时监控,保证列车安全、高效运行.在不同速度下,高速铁路列车具有不同的制动能力.在现有的高速列车控制系统中,对速度进行有限数量分段,分段内采用固定减速度,以较少速度分段计算速度监控曲线.如何对列车...     

遥感图像中港口水域的检测方法

通过对港口水域自动检测问题的深入研究,提出一种基于熵的感兴趣区域自动提取算法.将水域和陆地背景分离,并对分割后的二值图像进行标记,最后提取出水域.     

吃水函数船型表达研究

探讨用吃水函数表达船舶线型,用于计算机辅助船舶设计;用于系列船型数学表达和变换,派生新船型;用于参数设计.     

Will autonomous vehicles change residential location and vehicle ownership? Glimpses from Georgia

Many studies have begun investigating possible transportation landscapes in the autonomous vehicle (AV) era, but empirical results on longer-term decisions are limited. We address this gap using data collected from a survey designed and implemented for Georgia residents in 2017–2018. Focusing on a hypothetical all-AV future, this section of the survey included questions regarding advantages/disadvantages of AVs, short-term mode choice impacts, medium-term impacts on activity patterns, and long-term behavioral changes – specifically, whether/how AVs will influence individuals to change residential location and the number of cars in the household. We hypothesize that AVs could act in concert with attitudinal preferences to stimulate changes in these long-term decisions, and that some medium-term activity changes triggered by AVs could motivate people to relocate their residence or shed household vehicles. We applied exploratory factor analysis to measure the perceived likelihood that AVs would prompt various medium-term changes. We then included some of those measures, among other variables, in a cross-nested logit (CNL) model of the choice of the residential location/vehicle ownership bundle. Although more than half of respondents expected “no change” in their bundle, we found that younger, lower income, pro-suburban, and pro-non-car-mode individuals were more likely to anticipate changing their selections. In addition, some expected medium-term impacts of AVs influenced changes in these longer-term choices. We further applied the CNL model to two population segments (Atlanta and non-Atlanta-region residents). We found notable improvement in goodness of fit and different effects of factors across segments, signifying the existence of geography-related taste heterogeneity.     

通信测距复合系统发射平台的硬件设计与实现

随着无线通信电磁环境的复杂化和对通信系统性能要求的提升，传统的单码通信测距复合系统已经不能满足实际需求。提出一个基于DSP、FPGA及DDS技术的改进的通信测距复合系统发射平台的实现方案，为进一步研究通信测距复合系统提供了一个通用的数字化可扩展平台。