Survey and empirical evaluation of nonhomogeneous arrival process models with taxi data

Arrival processes are important inputs to many transportation system functions, such as vehicle prepositioning, taxi dispatch, bus holding strategies, and dynamic pricing. We conduct a comprehensive survey of the literature which shows that many transport systems employ basic homogeneous arrival process models or static nonhomogeneous processes. We conduct an empirical experiment to compare five state of the art arrival process short term prediction models using a common transportation system data set: New York taxi passenger pickups in 2013. Pickup data is split between 672 observations for model estimation and 96 observations for validation. From our experiment, we obtain evidence to support a recent model called FM‐IntGARCH, which is able to combine the benefits of both time series models and discrete count processes. Using a set of seven performance metrics from the literature, FM‐IntGARCH is shown to outperform the offline models—seasonal factor method, piecewise linear model—as well as the online models—ARIMA, Gaussian Cox process. Implications for operating data‐driven “smart” transit systems and urban informatics are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论海上遇险黄金救援时间

文中对海上救援时间进行分析,论述了海上遇险黄金救援时间的必要性,并提出了相关建议,有利于科学制定海上搜救措施,提高海上救助成功率。     

基于特征数据分块自适应切片的空洞修补

针对常用的空洞修补方法在修复具有多种曲面类型的空洞时失效和所修复的曲面不光顺等缺点,提出基于特征数据分块自适应切片的空洞修补。首先,在考虑特征信息的情况下基于聚类对散乱点云进行分块;然后利用特征进行自适应切片,获得曲线并进行拟合;最后,在线上取点填充缺失的点云,最终对完整的点云模型进行曲面重构建立实体模型。试验结果表明,采用自适应切片法修补空洞能够保留特征,所填充的点云数据精度较高,能够满足后续建模的需要。此外对该方法填充的点云进行了曲面重构及光顺,结果令人满意。     

长江口沿海地区灾害性大风的时空分布特征

根据长江口沿海地区自动站观测资料,分析了该地区灾害性大风的时空分布特征,有利于过往船舶了解该地区灾害性大风发生的空间、季节、风向等变化情况,对提高船舶在长江口沿海航行中的安全性具有指导意义。     

基于GIS的公交模型数据库构建及维护

道路网络的修改直接影响公共交通线路数据的同步更新维护,大大增加了维护的工作量和复杂性。通过分析常用交通规划软件公交模型数据库的特点,研究基于动态分段技术的公交模型数据库结构。分别设计和开发了公交模型数据库的自动创建以及在不同路网间采用GIS方法进行移植的软件工具。探讨公交线路自动创建和移植的功能、算法流程、软件开发,并应用于大型工程项目。该软件工具的应用实现了公交模型数据和道路网络模型数据独立编辑,在提高工作效率的同时大大降低了维护模型和数据库的复杂性。     

基于GIS的港口腹地划分模型

首次尝试运用地理信息系统(GIS)来划分港口腹地,既为消除主观因素影响又考虑到货主选择港口的随机性,在改进哈夫模型的基础上引入GIS中"栅格"的概念,从而构建出度量港口对腹地吸引力的密度模型,并首次运用GIS软件对模型进行求解。据此,以中国东北地区的大连港和营口港为实例分析该模型,分别划分两港腹地,所得计算结果与实际情况基本相符,表明基于GIS的密度模型具有实践意义。     

基于双层连通性检测的路面裂缝图像识别算法

针对路面裂缝图像识别结果容易存在孤立噪声和断续边缘的情况,提出了基于像素-裂缝子块双层连通性检测的图像自动识别算法,主要有4个部分:(1)基于自适应灰度拉伸的图像增强算法;(2)基于自适应大津法和八方向Sobel梯度信息的组合分割算法;(3)基于连通性检测的二值图像去噪算法;(4) 32×32裂缝子块识别和优化连接算法.然后,对5张3056×2048的路面破损图片进行裂缝识别,结果显示,该算法从像素和裂缝子块这2个层次进行连通性增强处理,可获得完整而连续的裂缝图像.最后,针对10张512×512的路面破损图片,对全局OTSU分割、八方向Sobel检测、Canny检测和本文算法进行测试,各算法综合性能指标F1值依次为62.46％、23.84％、10.45％和88.30％,准确率依次为83.45％,27.82％,17.83％和86.60％,召回率依次为56.89％,21.83％,8.89％和90.68％,体现了本文算法的优越性.     

Reliable Shortest Path Problems in Stochastic Time-Dependent Networks

This study investigates the time-dependent reliable shortest path problem (TD-RSPP), which is commonly encountered in congested urban road networks. Two variants of TD-RSPP are considered in this study. The first variant is to determine the earliest arrival time and associated reliable shortest path for a given departure time, referred to as the “forward” TD-RSPP. The second problem is to determine the latest departure time and associated reliable shortest path for a given preferred arrival time, referred as the “backward” TD-RSPP. It is shown in this article that TD-RSPP is not reversible. The backward TD-RSPP cannot be solved by the algorithms designed for the forward problem using the reverse search from destination to origin. In this study, two efficient solution algorithms are proposed to solve the forward and backward TD-RSPP exactly and the optimality of proposed algorithms is rigorously proved. The proposed solution algorithms have potential applications in both advanced traveler information systems and stochastic dynamic traffic assignment models.     

基于面向对象分类的密云县城区地面不透水程度分析

利用LandsatTM影像数据,试验了一种基于面向对象分类分析的城区地面不透水程度分析制图方法,包括：对城区多光谱遥感影像进行分割,对分割生成的影像对象层进行面向对象的分类,再在分类的层上执行基于分类的融合,从而获得城区与非城区分布范围的影像对象层;第2次分割影像,获得表示城区独立结构单元的完全不透水地面影像对象层,对该层进行面向对象的分类;第3次分割影像,获得表示城区不同地块的影像对象层,结合第1次和第2次影像分割对象层分类的特征信息对该层进行面向对象的分类,把城区地块按不透水程度大小进行分类;最后输出第3次分割的影像对象层分类结果图,即获得城区地面不透水程度分析图．试验结果表明,面向对象分娄暑一种i舌干分析珐区王lb．面不番水程唐的有张方法     

红外运动目标图像的识别与跟踪技术研究

文中实现了基于红外扫描图像的运动物体自动识别跟踪系统.选择了Butterworth滤波和中值滤波结合的方法对图像进行预处理,基于多帧图像的局部能量的分割算法来实现图像背景的分割,并采用卡尔曼跟踪算法和目标方位确定算法相结合完成对红外小目标的跟踪.在VC++中使用GDI来建立雷达扫描式的极坐标系,将目标运动轨迹在坐标系中显示出模拟轨迹.