基于概率统计模型的公交停靠站车流特征分析

公交停靠站是城市公共交通系统的重要组成部分,公交停靠站不仅关系到公共交通运输的质量和效率,而且影响公共交通的运行质量和城市环境。本文采用人工计数法对哈尔滨市东大直街公交停靠站的公交车到达时间、服务时间、机动车流量进行统计,运用数理统计法整理调查数据,采用概率统计模型拟合了公交车辆到达和服务时间的分布特性,给出了分布拟合函数。     

基于改进粒子群算法的车辆路径问题研究

针对标准粒子群算法在解决多维复杂优化问题中存在的“早熟”现象,以及算法后期出现的搜索精度下降、收敛速度降低等不足,对算法做出改进：引入微生物行为机制中的趋化、繁殖、迁移算子。最后,通过实例验证对比,表明改进粒子群算法在搜索效率和解的质量方面均优于遗传算法和基本粒子群算法。     

自流装车管路系统的工艺计算

根据自流装车管路系统中鹤管流量不同的工艺特点,建立了自流装车管路系统水力计算和装车时间计算的严格模型,讨论了自流装车管路系统水力计算的数值求解方法和基本思路,应用弦截法求解管路系统水力计算方程,求出在一定液位上集油管、鹤管段的流量。采用龙贝格数值积分法求解装车时间,应用VC 6．0高级语言编制了自流装车管路系统计算程序,应用该程序可快速进行工艺设计计算和模拟计算。计算表明：操作的鹤管数越多,各鹤管的流量差别就越大。     

Subsidence Velocity Estimation Using PS-Based Time Series DInSAR

Introduction As a new space-geodetic technology, satellitedifferential synthetic aperture radar interferometry(DInSAR) has proven highly powerful for regionaldeformation mapping with some prominent advantageslike high sensitivity to displacement, high spa…     

不同轨道结构地铁车内噪声影响特性分析

为研究不同轨道结构形式对地铁车内噪声的影响,测试了列车通过普通整体道床、减振扣件道床、梯形轨枕道床、中档钢弹簧浮置板道床、高档钢弹簧浮置板道床等5种轨道结构形式时的车内噪声。采用A计权声压级对车内噪声时域与频域特性进行分析,探究列车通过5种不同轨道结构时车内噪声分布规律。结果表明:普通整体道床车内噪声瞬时A计权声压级均值为76. 6 d B,减振扣件为82. 3 d B,梯形轨枕道床为77. 2 d B,中档钢弹簧浮置板道床为76. 8 d B,高档钢弹簧浮置板道床为81. 6 d B; 5种轨道结构形式车内噪声A计权声压级频谱差异明显;车内噪声总A计权声压级在空间分布上,同一水平车厢两侧近门窗处比车厢中部约高1. 5 d B,在垂向上声压级随高度的增加逐渐减小,坐高处比站高处噪声总A计权声压级高0. 5 d B。     

更换减振扣件前后地铁运营引起地面振动的研究

选择北京地铁5号线宋家庄—刘家窑区段,在更换减振扣件前后2次测试地铁正常运营引起的地面水平及垂向振动加速度,对其进行频谱分析;建立轨道—隧道—土层的三维有限元模型,利用实测数据,研究垂直于地铁线路方向不同距离的振动加速度响应规律。结果表明:地铁线路位于曲线段时,地面水平与垂向振动加速度峰值和有效值基本相等;在安装DTⅥ2扣件的轨道地段,地铁列车运营引起的地面主要振动频率为40～80 Hz,在安装Vanguard扣件的轨道地段为20～40 Hz,说明Vanguard扣件有较突出的减振效果;随着距地铁隧道中心线距离的增加,地面振动加速度响应表现出衰减的趋势,在离开隧道轴线一定距离处,存在地面振动加速度放大区,水平和垂向振动加速度放大区的位置有所不同。     

Observing individual dynamic choices of activity chains from location-based crowdsourced data

The existing efforts on studying human mobility and activity using location-based crowdsourced data mainly focus on obtaining the activity chain pattern in a region at an aggregate level. To observe individual dynamic choices of activity chains, this paper presents a data-driven approach to estimating individual-specific activity chain set and corresponding choice probabilities for a given person over a 24-h period using crowdsourced data from location-based service apps. We detect an individual-specific stochastic activity set using a contextual-parcel data analysis. Based on the time geography theory, we refine a space-time bicone concept to construct an activity-travel space-time-state network from the stochastic activity set. These space-time bicone constraints define a set of potential activity choices to reduce the search space of activity location and duration choices. We construct an activity state transition graph from the space-time-state network and calculate a Markov matrix for activity choice probabilities. Furthermore, we calculate the probabilities of activity chain choices using the Markov matrix. We also visualize individual-specific activity chain set in a space-time-state network to show the dynamic choices of individual daily mobility and activity. We demonstrate the proposed approach through conducting numerical analyses using crowdsourced data from location-based service apps - Foursquare and Twitter to construct individual-specific activity choice sets and corresponding choice probabilities.     

Data-driven spatio-temporal discretization for pedestrian flow characterization

We propose a novel approach to pedestrian flow characterization. The definitions of density, flow and velocity existing in the literature are extended through a data-driven spatio-temporal discretization framework. The framework is based on three-dimensional Voronoi diagrams. Synthetic data is used to empirically investigate the performance of the approach and to illustrate its advantages. Our approach outperforms the considered approaches from the literature in terms of the robustness with respect to the simulation noise and with respect to the sampling frequency. Additionally, the proposed approach is by design (i) independent from an arbitrarily chosen discretization; (ii) appropriate for the multidirectional composition of pedestrian traffic; (iii) able to reflect the heterogeneity of the pedestrian population; and (iv) applicable to pedestrian trajectories described either analytically or as a sample of points.     

复杂环境下爆破拆除砖结构烟囱

以一座高48 m砖结构烟囱的成功拆除为实例,介绍了在民房密集区、倒塌场地条件比较恶劣的情况下,砖结构烟囱定向爆破的设计和施工要点,具体来说就是通过开设定向窗及采取覆盖防护、堆砌缓冲堤等措施,确保烟囱倾倒方向的准确及周边建筑物、设施的安全,并对距离爆破点最近处的民房进行了振动监测,为类似工程提供借鉴。