基于运行线可调的动车组周转计划优化研究

针对高速铁路动车组周转计划的优化问题,在列车运行图可作微调的前提下,用时间窗描述运行线的可行平移范围,构建接续网络,刻画运行线间的接续关系,考虑接续弧互斥约束和动车组交路平移累加约束,以可行动车组交路为决策变量建立求解问题的优化模型,并设计基于改进广义标号法的分枝定价算法求解。实例验证表明,通过对运行图进行微调,可以在一定程度上减少需要的动车组数量,从而达到动车组运用优化与运行图优化编制的相互协调。     

地铁发车倒计时器短暂无显示故障分析

发车倒计时器(DTI)在地铁运营中频繁使用,故障率较高,论述它对地铁行车效率的影响.针对南京地铁1号线发车倒计时器短暂无显示故障进行分析,通过捕捉故障现象、判断故障点的以及制订故障处理方案等,解决短暂无显示故障,并对后期维护维修提出建议.     

基于RTK功能的GPS道路中线测设原理与试验

介绍了GPS实时动态定位 (RTK)技术的基本原理 ,一种新的基于RTK功能的高斯平面坐标的GPS道路中线测设的原理方法 ,其中包括使用线元法解决任意复杂曲线的多种中桩点里程定义问题 ,以及区线的测设一体化技术 .介绍了相应的试验情况     

动态多用户网络承载模型

动态网络承载模型是拥挤网络在一定时期内在路径流率被给定的条件下,确定依赖于时间的路段承载量、路段出行时间和路径出行时间.笔者的目标在于提出动态多用户网络承载模型(无需FIFO条件),同时证明网络承载模型解的存在性.     

Just-in-time delivery for green fleets: A feedback control approach

With increasing attention being paid to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the transportation industry has become an important focus of approaches to reduce GHG emissions, especially carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) emissions. In this competitive industry, of course, any new emissions reduction technique must be economically attractive and contribute to good operational performance. In this paper, a continuous-variable feedback control algorithm called GEET (Greening via Energy and Emissions in Transportation) is developed; customer deliveries are assigned to a fleet of vehicles with the objective function of Just-in-Time (JIT) delivery and fuel performance metrics akin to the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW). GEET simultaneously determines vehicle routing and sets cruising speeds that can be either fixed for the entire trip or varied dynamically based on anticipated performance. Dynamic models for controlling vehicle cruising speed and departure times are proposed, and the impact of cruising speed on JIT performance and fuel performance are evaluated. Allowing GEET to vary cruising speed is found to produce an average of 12.0–16.0% better performance in fuel cost, and −36.0% to +16.0% discrepancy in the overall transportation cost as compared to the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) heuristic for a set of benchmark problems. GEET offers the advantage of extremely fast computational times, which is a substantial strength, especially in a dynamic transportation environment.     

Stochastic frontier estimation of budgets for Kuhn–Tucker demand systems: Application to activity time-use analysis

We propose a stochastic frontier approach to estimate budgets for the multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model. The approach is useful when the underlying time and/or money budgets driving a choice situation are unobserved, but the expenditures on the choice alternatives of interest are observed. Several MDCEV applications hitherto used the observed total expenditure on the choice alternatives as the budget to model expenditure allocation among choice alternatives. This does not allow for increases or decreases in the total expenditure due to changes in choice alternative-specific attributes, but only allows a reallocation of the observed total expenditure among different alternatives. The stochastic frontier approach helps address this issue by invoking the notion that consumers operate under latent budgets that can be conceived (and modeled) as the maximum possible expenditure they are willing to incur. The proposed method is applied to analyze the daily out-of-home activity participation and time-use patterns in a survey sample of non-working adults in Florida. First, a stochastic frontier regression is performed on the observed out-of-home activity time expenditure (OH-ATE) to estimate the unobserved out-of-home activity time frontier (OH-ATF). The estimated frontier is interpreted as a subjective limit or maximum possible time individuals can allocate to out-of-home activities and used as the time budget governing out-of-home time-use choices in an MDCEV model. The efficacy of this approach is compared with other approaches for estimating time budgets for the MDCEV model, including: (a) a log-linear regression on the total observed expenditure for out-of-home activities and (b) arbitrarily assumed, constant time budgets for all individuals in the sample. A comparison of predictive accuracy in time-use patterns suggests that the stochastic frontier and log-linear regression approaches perform better than arbitrary assumptions on time budgets. Between the stochastic frontier and log-linear regression approaches, the former results in slightly better predictions of activity participation rates while the latter results in slightly better predictions of activity durations. A comparison of policy simulations demonstrates that the stochastic frontier approach allows for the total out-of-home activity time expenditure to either expand or shrink due to changes in alternative-specific attributes. The log-linear regression approach allows for changes in total time expenditure due to changes in decision-maker attributes, but not due to changes in alternative-specific attributes.     

城市轨道交通高架桥梁抗震分析

从影响城市轨道交通高架桥梁抗震分析的地震作用、本构关系等出发,结合现行相关抗震规范,对城市轨道交通高架桥梁进行动力特性分析、反应谱分析和非线性时程分析,并提出城市轨道交通高架桥梁构造措施要求,给类似桥梁的分析研究工作提供重要参考。     

利用缓冲区溢出技术强行推送信使

随着信息时代的来临，利用信使服务在网络上进行广告宣传已经非常普遍，它改变了过去传统的宣传方式，但是随着技术的发展以及人们安全意识的提升，普通的发送技术已经收效甚微，但是利用系统漏洞通过缓冲区溢出技术完全可以突破这种限制，达到强行推送信使的目的。     

Prospect Theory for joint time and money consequences in risk and ambiguity

Transport users face complex decisions. Not only are the consequences of their choices uncertain, but they generally involve several attributes, such as time and money. Time-money tradeoffs have been studied in depth in transport economics, and research is now paying increasing attention to the role of uncertainty and information in transport decisions. This paper aims to measure the impact of uncertainty and information on multi-attribute decisions using Prospect Theory. In doing so, the study makes two contributions to transportation literature: one methodological and the other empirical. First, we propose a fast and tractable method for measuring Prospect Theory parameters that capture attitudes towards probabilities (probability weighting function) and attitudes towards losses (loss aversion). The elicitation method does not require the elicitation of the utility function. This makes it particularly suitable in complex multi-attribute decisions where the shape of the utility function is unknown. Second, we present the results of an experiment that uses the proposed method to measure, at the individual level, probability weighting in decisions involving joint time and money consequences in two decision contexts: risk (where probabilities are given) and ambiguity (where the probability distribution is unknown). An experimental setup that exposes subjects to real gains and losses for money and time has been built for this purpose. We observe inverse S-shaped probability weighting and loss aversion for risk. Probability weighting is even more pronounced in ambiguity, where subjects do not have precise information about the probability distribution. We explain how these results and the analysis of ambiguity attitudes in general can offer a better understanding of travelers’ route or transport mode choices.     

Time-domain numerical and experimental analysis of hydroelastic response of a very large floating structure edged with a pair of submerged horizontal plates

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic problem of a pontoon-type, very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with the perforated plates, non-perforated plates or their combination anti-motion device both numerically and experimentally. A direct time domain modal expansion method, taking amount of the time domain Kelvin sources in hydrodynamic forces, in which the fluid flows across the perforated anti-motion plate by applying the Darcy's law, is applied to the fluid–structure interaction problem. A quarter of numerical model is built based on the symmetry of flow field and structure in hydrodynamic forces, and special care is paid to the rapid and accurate evaluation of time domain free-surface Green functions and its spatial derivatives in finite water depth by using interpolation–tabulation method. Using the developed numerical tools and the model tests conducted in a wave basin, the response-reduction efficiency of the perforated plates is systematically assessed for various wave and anti-motion plate parameters, such as plate width, porosity and submergence depth. As a result of the parametric study, the porosity 0.11 is selected as the optimal porosity, and the relationship between the porosity and the porous parameter is developed by using the least-squares fitting scheme. After simulation and verification, the dual anti-motion plates which are the perforated-impermeable-plate combination attached to the fore-end and back-end of the VLFS, are designed for more wave energy dissipation and added damping. Considering variation of the water depths in offshore, discussion on the effectiveness of these anti-motion devices at different water depths is highlighted.